perfusion/ cardiac + HTN - part 3 Flashcards
Propranolol is a class ____ antiarrhythmic, that also belongs to what drug class?
II; beta blocker
when propranolol blocks epinephrine/ adrenaline, what kind of effect is that having on the heart?
slowing the heart rate
what kind of side effects/ complications would a patient have they abruptly stopped taking propranolol?
-rebound excitation
-angina
-MI
What are 3 signs of heart failure you should be monitoring your patient for when administering propranolol?
-SOB
-peripheral edema
-cough at night
Amiodarone is a class ____ antiarrhythmic, that is also a potassium channel blocker that is keeping potassium ____ the cell to slow conduction and dilate blood vessels, to treat….
III; inside
v-tach + v-fib and some atrial dysrhythmias
pulmonary toxicity w/ pneumonitis is a big side effect of amiodarone that occurs with long term and/or high dose use, that can lead to what complication?
pulmonary fibrosis
damaged scarred lungs, the tissue becomes thick + stiff, and doesn’t function properly
Amiodarone causes a harmless, blue-gray discoloration to the skin w/ frequent ………?
sun exposure
Amiodarone is a teratogenic drug, but pregnancy and lactation is still contraindicated for several months after discontinuation due to what characteristic?
its long half life
Nitroprusside is a vasodilator used to treat?
severe/ hypertensive emergencies
Cyanide poisoning is an adverse affect associated with nitroprusside. What are some S+S of toxicity and what is the antidote to treat that?
-altered mental status
-agitation
-tremors
sodium thiosulfate
Cholestyramine is a drug used to treat hypercholesterolemia by reducing the reabsorption of bile acid, therefore decreasing cholesterol levels. Which class does this drug belong to?
Bile Acid Sequestrants
GI upset like nausea, constipation and bloating are side effects of cholestyramine. pancreatitis is a complication, what symptom would be a sign that this drug may be causing that inflammation?
ABD or back pain, specifically that worsens after eating
What 3 conditions are contraindicated in use of cholestyramine because they increase the risk of developing pancreatitis?
biliary obstruction
hypertriglyceridemia
renal impairment
Cholestyramine comes in an oral powder form, what education should you give regarding when and how the patient should take this medication?
take it with meals and mix in a full glass of water and drink it immediately
Evolocumab is an PCSK9 inhibitor, used to treat hypercholesterolemia by reducing ____ levels in the blood specifically?
LDL
Evolocumab is taken 2x/ day w/ food. It is administered _______, it is important to monitor for unusual bleeding + injection site reactions.
SQ
While on Evolocumab is is important to report persistent muscle pain or aches because of what side effects?
muscle spasms + myalgia
Liver functions tests are done on patients while on Evolocumab due to the adverse effect, ___________ ________ __________.
increased blood transaminase
(increased liver enzymes)
Anticoagulants, like heparin, stop the coagulation cascade, which prevents ________ ________.
clot formation
What is the antidote for heparin?
protamine sulfate
Alteplase is a “clot buster” medication. What drug class does it belong to? and what is it doing in the body?
-thrombolytics
This drug is acting on the fibrin holding the clot together to dissolve it
Aspirin is an antiplatelet that prevents the ________ of the platelets.
aggregation
When aspirin is used as an antiplatelet its indications include…..
CARDIOVASCULAR PROTECTION in patients with a Hx. of cardiac events + stroke/ TIA
The biggest group of adverse effects belong to the GI system, what kinds of things do we need to monitor for and teach the patient to monitor for as their nurse?
-GI bleeding,
-dyspepsia + heartburn
**take w/ food or milk to decrease GI discomfort **
Antihemophilic factor is given to replace plasma protein needed for the conversion of what, to complete the clotting factor in patients with missing clotting factors?
prothrombin to thrombin
what kind of side effects could occur in a patient receiving antihemophilic factor? (5)
-injection site stinging
-headache
-rash
-chills
-nausea
a complication we need to monitor for and be prophylactic about with SCDs and TEDs, when giving Aminocaproic Acid and Hemophilic Factor is?
thrombus formation
Which drug belongs to the Hemostatic frug class, that inhibits plasminogen and fibrinolysis and prevents the breakdown of clots, to treat excessive bleeding, prevent hemorrhage, decrease the need for platelet administration and manage thrombocytopenia?
Aminocaproic Acid
What are the 3 contraindications with the use of Aminocaproic Acid?
-DIC
-renal/ hepatic dysfunction
-lactation/ pregnancy
Can Aminocaproic Acid cause fertility issues?
yes
What lab may be increased with the use of Aminocaproic acid due to it having the side effect of muscle damage?
creatinine kinase (CK)
At what time of day should you take -statin drugs for them to be most effective?
at bedtime/ nighttime
where is Ezetimibe decreasing the absorption of dietary cholesterol?
the small intestines
What 3 things need to be monitored during Atorvastatin use?
-cholesterol
AST
ALT
Why does AST + ALT need to be monitored during
-statin use?
to monitor for hepatotoxicity and liver stress or damage
Atorvastatin decreases the amount of cholesterol synthesized in the ______.
liver
Are statin drugs teratogenic?
yes
