perfusion/ cardiac + HTN - part 3

Question 1

Propranolol is a class ____ antiarrhythmic, that also belongs to what drug class?

Answer 1

II; beta blocker

Question 2

when propranolol blocks epinephrine/ adrenaline, what kind of effect is that having on the heart?

Answer 2

slowing the heart rate

Question 3

what kind of side effects/ complications would a patient have they abruptly stopped taking propranolol?

Answer 3

-rebound excitation
-angina
-MI

Question 4

What are 3 signs of heart failure you should be monitoring your patient for when administering propranolol?

Answer 4

-SOB
-peripheral edema
-cough at night

Question 5

Amiodarone is a class ____ antiarrhythmic, that is also a potassium channel blocker that is keeping potassium ____ the cell to slow conduction and dilate blood vessels, to treat….

Answer 5

III; inside

v-tach + v-fib and some atrial dysrhythmias

Question 6

pulmonary toxicity w/ pneumonitis is a big side effect of amiodarone that occurs with long term and/or high dose use, that can lead to what complication?

Answer 6

pulmonary fibrosis

damaged scarred lungs, the tissue becomes thick + stiff, and doesn’t function properly

Question 7

Amiodarone causes a harmless, blue-gray discoloration to the skin w/ frequent ………?

Answer 7

sun exposure

Question 8

Amiodarone is a teratogenic drug, but pregnancy and lactation is still contraindicated for several months after discontinuation due to what characteristic?

Answer 8

its long half life

Question 9

Nitroprusside is a vasodilator used to treat?

Answer 9

severe/ hypertensive emergencies

Question 10

Cyanide poisoning is an adverse affect associated with nitroprusside. What are some S+S of toxicity and what is the antidote to treat that?

Answer 10

-altered mental status
-agitation
-tremors

sodium thiosulfate

Question 11

Cholestyramine is a drug used to treat hypercholesterolemia by reducing the reabsorption of bile acid, therefore decreasing cholesterol levels. Which class does this drug belong to?

Answer 11

Bile Acid Sequestrants

Question 12

GI upset like nausea, constipation and bloating are side effects of cholestyramine. pancreatitis is a complication, what symptom would be a sign that this drug may be causing that inflammation?

Answer 12

ABD or back pain, specifically that worsens after eating

Question 13

What 3 conditions are contraindicated in use of cholestyramine because they increase the risk of developing pancreatitis?

Answer 13

biliary obstruction
hypertriglyceridemia
renal impairment

Question 14

Cholestyramine comes in an oral powder form, what education should you give regarding when and how the patient should take this medication?

Answer 14

take it with meals and mix in a full glass of water and drink it immediately

Question 15

Evolocumab is an PCSK9 inhibitor, used to treat hypercholesterolemia by reducing ____ levels in the blood specifically?

Answer 15

LDL

Question 16

Evolocumab is taken 2x/ day w/ food. It is administered _______, it is important to monitor for unusual bleeding + injection site reactions.

Answer 16

SQ

Question 17

While on Evolocumab is is important to report persistent muscle pain or aches because of what side effects?

Answer 17

muscle spasms + myalgia

Question 18

Liver functions tests are done on patients while on Evolocumab due to the adverse effect, ___________ ________ __________.

Answer 18

increased blood transaminase

(increased liver enzymes)

Question 19

Anticoagulants, like heparin, stop the coagulation cascade, which prevents ________ ________.

Answer 19

clot formation

Question 20

What is the antidote for heparin?

Answer 20

protamine sulfate

Question 21

Alteplase is a “clot buster” medication. What drug class does it belong to? and what is it doing in the body?

Answer 21

-thrombolytics

This drug is acting on the fibrin holding the clot together to dissolve it

Question 22

Aspirin is an antiplatelet that prevents the ________ of the platelets.

Answer 22

aggregation

Question 23

When aspirin is used as an antiplatelet its indications include…..

Answer 23

CARDIOVASCULAR PROTECTION in patients with a Hx. of cardiac events + stroke/ TIA

Question 24

The biggest group of adverse effects belong to the GI system, what kinds of things do we need to monitor for and teach the patient to monitor for as their nurse?

Answer 24

-GI bleeding,
-dyspepsia + heartburn

**take w/ food or milk to decrease GI discomfort **

Question 25

Antihemophilic factor is given to replace plasma protein needed for the conversion of what, to complete the clotting factor in patients with missing clotting factors?

Answer 25

prothrombin to thrombin

Question 26

what kind of side effects could occur in a patient receiving antihemophilic factor? (5)

Answer 26

-injection site stinging
-headache
-rash
-chills
-nausea

Question 27

a complication we need to monitor for and be prophylactic about with SCDs and TEDs, when giving Aminocaproic Acid and Hemophilic Factor is?

Answer 27

thrombus formation

Question 28

Which drug belongs to the Hemostatic frug class, that inhibits plasminogen and fibrinolysis and prevents the breakdown of clots, to treat excessive bleeding, prevent hemorrhage, decrease the need for platelet administration and manage thrombocytopenia?

Answer 28

Aminocaproic Acid

Question 29

What are the 3 contraindications with the use of Aminocaproic Acid?

Answer 29

-DIC
-renal/ hepatic dysfunction
-lactation/ pregnancy

Question 30

Can Aminocaproic Acid cause fertility issues?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

What lab may be increased with the use of Aminocaproic acid due to it having the side effect of muscle damage?

Answer 31

creatinine kinase (CK)

Question 32

At what time of day should you take -statin drugs for them to be most effective?

Answer 32

at bedtime/ nighttime

Question 33

where is Ezetimibe decreasing the absorption of dietary cholesterol?

Answer 33

the small intestines

Question 34

What 3 things need to be monitored during Atorvastatin use?

Answer 34

-cholesterol
AST
ALT

Question 35

Why does AST + ALT need to be monitored during
-statin use?

Answer 35

to monitor for hepatotoxicity and liver stress or damage

Question 36

Atorvastatin decreases the amount of cholesterol synthesized in the ______.

Answer 36

liver

Question 37

Are statin drugs teratogenic?

Answer 37

yes