Inflammation/ Immune (vaccines)

Question 1

define analgesic.

Answer 1

drugs that block pain

Question 2

Antipyretics are drugs that block a fever. What are the 2 ways these are achieving fever reduction?

Answer 2

-effecting the thermoregulation in the hypothalamus
-blocking prostaglandin mediators

Question 3

What is chrysotherapy?

Answer 3

this is treatment with gold salts to decrease tissue destruction

Question 4

What class of medications are used to treat inflammatory arthritis disease processes?

(DMARDs)

Answer 4

Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs

Question 5

IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. What 2 disorders fall into IBD?

Answer 5

-Crohn’s Disease
-Ulcerative Colitis

Question 6

What are the 4 S+S of inflammation?

Answer 6

-pain
-redness
-swelling
-heat

Question 7

what do NSAIDs and Salicylates (salicylic acid compounds) do?

(4)

Answer 7

-block prostaglandin synthesis
-reduce inflammation
-antipyretic
-analgesic

Question 8

Salicylism is a syndrome where levels of salicylates are too high. What S+S will you see if a patient is experiencing this? (6)

Answer 8

-dizziness
-tinnitus
-difficulty hearing
-N/V/D
-confusion
-lassitude (low energy)

Question 9

Chrysotherapy (gold compound) are reserved for when patients aren’t responding to other therapies. What is this used to treat?

Answer 9

rheumatic inflammatory conditions (rheumatoid arthritis)

Question 10

Active immunity is when your body forms antibodies secondary to an initial exposure to a specific antigen so that the next exposure, your body already has the antibodies to fight that antigen off. How is this acquired?

Answer 10

this can be artificially or naturally obtained through vaccination or just through exposure to that antigen through another person or touching something

Question 11

Antitoxins are immune sera that contain antibodies for specific toxins that are produced by invaders, how do they prevent disease?

Answer 11

antitoxins prevent the toxin from adhering to body tissue

Question 12

Antivenins are immune sera that contain antibodies specific to ________produced by poisonous snakes/ spiders to prevent __________.

Answer 12

Venom; cell death

Question 13

What are considered “biologicals,” - these are used to stimulate the production antibodies, to facilitate an immune response to react specifically to the toxin produced by that invading pathogen. (3)

Answer 13

1. vaccines
2. immune sera
3. antitoxins

Question 14

Immune sera are antibodies found in immune globulin from _____ or ______, that have had a specific disease & developed antibodies to it.

Answer 14

humans or animals

Question 15

How does Immunization stimulate immunity without causing the full course of the disease when administered?

Answer 15

Because you are only being exposed to a weakened or less toxic protein associated with said disease

Question 16

how is Passive Immunity obtained?

Answer 16

naturally or artificially; mother to baby (breastmilk) or antibodies in serum

Question 17

What is serum sickness?

Answer 17

a massive immune reaction to injected antibodies or immune sera

Question 18

What is a vaccine and what kind of immunity does it give a person?

Answer 18

an immunization that contains weakened or altered protein antigens to stimulate the formation of specific antibodies against that specific disease; active immunity

Question 19

what is a vaccine stimulating the immune system to do?

Answer 19

-stimulate the immune system to produce the needed antibodies

Question 20

which kind of immunity is described?
when antibodies are produced from your own body after being exposed + fighting off the infection, or when the antibodies are transferred through the placenta or breastmilk

Answer 20

Natural Immunity

Question 21

When injury occurs prostaglandins are released in the anti-inflammatory reaction. ______________ (COX) an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. There are 2 kinds: COX-1 & COX-2.

Answer 21

cyclooxygenase

Question 22

The job of COX-1 releases prostaglandins to maintain body homeostasis by: (3)

Answer 22

-protecting GI mucosa
-enhance platelet aggregation
-promote renal function

Question 23

COX-2 releases prostaglandins that respond to the injury, which results in: (3)

Answer 23

-inflammation
-pain
-fever

Question 24

Which 2 drugs are COX-1 & COX-2 inhibitors?

Answer 24

Aspirin + Ibuprofen

Question 25

Aspirin + Ibuprofen are both used as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and as an analgesic. But what is Aspirin also used for that Ibuprofen isn't?

Answer 25

to inhibit platelet aggregation to reduce the risk of MI, Stroke + TIA

Question 26

True or false? Aspirin and Ibuprofen are both contraindicated in pregnancy + lactation because it can cross through the placenta and breastmilk.

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

If you're taking Ibuprofen with Alcohol Glucocorticoids or Anticoagulants, what does this combination INCREASE the risk of?

Answer 27

Bleeding

Question 28

If you have a patient with a Hx. of alcohol abuse, with a current GI ulcer and they are a high Rx. of a cardiovascular event, what would be the best medication to give to help reduce their pain?

Answer 28

Acetaminophen

Question 29

What are the S+S of Acetaminophen OD, and what would you give as the antidote?

Answer 29

-N/V/D -diaphoresis Acetylcysteine

Question 30

In toxic doses, what can Acetaminophen cause failure of?

Answer 30

Liver Failure

Question 31

As a nurse giving acetaminophen long term, what 2 things should you be monitoring?

Answer 31

Blood pressure and the liver

Question 32

Acetaminophen acts directly on the hypothalamus to ________, which brings more blood flow to the skin to allow more heat loss and cause ________ to reduce fever.

Answer 32

vasodilate; sweating

Question 33

Chrysotherapy is the use of _____ _____ to treat rheumatic inflammatory conditions by inhibiting phagocytosis which in return decrease tissue destruction

Answer 33

Gold Salts

Question 34

Auranofin (gold salts) are extremely teratogenic, so what is important to include in patient education, especially with female patients?

Answer 34

contraception should be used, and if you're breastfeeding, another way to feed your infant should be used

Question 35

It is important to make sure patients know Auranofin DOES NOT repair damage, it just _______ any further damage from happening.

Answer 35

prevents

Question 36

Which drug is a DMARD? (disease modifying antirheumatic drugs) **they "EnterCEPT" (block) TNF to slow the inflammatory response + joint damage**

Answer 36

Etanercept

Question 37

It is important to know if patients have an allergy to what, if they are going to be given Etanercept because it is made with this product?

Answer 37

Chinese hamster ovaries

Question 38

Patients who are taking Etanercept are at an increased (severe) risk at developing what 2 things? because of this patients who have any kind of chronic sickness, cancer or infection this medication should be avoided.

Answer 38

cancer and severe infections

Question 39

True or false? antirheumatic drugs are teratogenic, so it should not be given to patients who are pregnant or lactating.

Answer 39

true

Question 40

Can you give a patient taking Etanercept a live vaccine?

Answer 40

NO **they are at an increased risk of infection due to immune suppression**

Question 41

Colchicine is a antigout/ hyperuricemia used to treat ......

Answer 41

ACUTE gout flare ups and gouty arthritis (that is when gout crystals make their way into the kidneys + joints)

Question 42

If colchicine is used long term what muscle related illness can occur? **this illness occurs when damaged muscle tissue is released into the bloodstream**

Answer 42

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 43

What can you tell your patient, who is taking colchicine to do, to avoid GI distress?

Answer 43

take this medication with food

Question 44

What kind of drugs should NOT be given with the MMR vaccine, because they could cause it to be ineffective and cause a SEVERE illness?

Answer 44

Immunosuppressant Drugs

Question 45

is the MMR vaccine a live vaccination?

Answer 45

yes; this vaccine stimulates an active immune reaction to produce antibodies for these viruses

Question 46

What are the expected side effects that could happen when the MMR vaccine is given?

Answer 46

-moderate fever/ mild cold + flu symptoms -injection site irritation

Question 47

Immune Globulin is an Immune Sera given IM, it provides antibodies for: 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________ and be given to patients who are immunoglobulin deficient.

Answer 47

1. Hepatitis A 2. Measles 3. Varicella 4. Rubella

Question 48

When given Immune Sera, what are the 3 reasons it could be given for?

Answer 48

-passive immunity to these viruses -prophylactic treatment after exposure in immunosuppressed patients -lessen the severity of the disease after a known or suspected exposure

Question 49

Why do you need to know if your patient has received immune sera previously?

Answer 49

because your risk of a hypersensitivity reaction increases with each use

Question 50

Immune Globulin is NOT a vaccine, its a preparation that contains ____________ to provide quick, short term protection against certain diseases.

Answer 50

antibodies

Question 51

TNF (tumor necrosis factor) is a protein in your body that causes _________, when it is elevated it is a possible indication of things like cancer, Crohn's or diabetes.

Answer 51

Inflammation