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Pharmacology - ADRN.114 > Inflammation/ Immune (vaccines) > Flashcards

Inflammation/ Immune (vaccines) Flashcards

Rotation 2 - Week 2 (ch.16,18)

1
Q

define analgesic.

A

drugs that block pain

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2
Q

Antipyretics are drugs that block a fever. What are the 2 ways these are achieving fever reduction?

A

-effecting the thermoregulation in the hypothalamus
-blocking prostaglandin mediators

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3
Q

What is chrysotherapy?

A

this is treatment with gold salts to decrease tissue destruction

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4
Q

What class of medications are used to treat inflammatory arthritis disease processes?

(DMARDs)

A

Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs

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5
Q

IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. What 2 disorders fall into IBD?

A

-Crohn’s Disease
-Ulcerative Colitis

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6
Q

What are the 4 S+S of inflammation?

A

-pain
-redness
-swelling
-heat

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7
Q

what do NSAIDs and Salicylates (salicylic acid compounds) do?

(4)

A

-block prostaglandin synthesis
-reduce inflammation
-antipyretic
-analgesic

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8
Q

Salicylism is a syndrome where levels of salicylates are too high. What S+S will you see if a patient is experiencing this? (6)

A

-dizziness
-tinnitus
-difficulty hearing
-N/V/D
-confusion
-lassitude (low energy)

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9
Q

Chrysotherapy (gold compound) are reserved for when patients aren’t responding to other therapies. What is this used to treat?

A

rheumatic inflammatory conditions (rheumatoid arthritis)

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10
Q

Active immunity is when your body forms antibodies secondary to an initial exposure to a specific antigen so that the next exposure, your body already has the antibodies to fight that antigen off. How is this acquired?

A

this can be artificially or naturally obtained through vaccination or just through exposure to that antigen through another person or touching something

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11
Q

Antitoxins are immune sera that contain antibodies for specific toxins that are produced by invaders, how do they prevent disease?

A

antitoxins prevent the toxin from adhering to body tissue

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12
Q

Antivenins are immune sera that contain antibodies specific to ________produced by poisonous snakes/ spiders to prevent __________.

A

Venom; cell death

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13
Q

What are considered “biologicals,” - these are used to stimulate the production antibodies, to facilitate an immune response to react specifically to the toxin produced by that invading pathogen. (3)

A
  1. vaccines
  2. immune sera
  3. antitoxins
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14
Q

Immune sera are antibodies found in immune globulin from _____ or ______, that have had a specific disease & developed antibodies to it.

A

humans or animals

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15
Q

How does Immunization stimulate immunity without causing the full course of the disease when administered?

A

Because you are only being exposed to a weakened or less toxic protein associated with said disease

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16
Q

how is Passive Immunity obtained?

A

naturally or artificially; mother to baby (breastmilk) or antibodies in serum

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17
Q

What is serum sickness?

A

a massive immune reaction to injected antibodies or immune sera

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18
Q

What is a vaccine and what kind of immunity does it give a person?

A

an immunization that contains weakened or altered protein antigens to stimulate the formation of specific antibodies against that specific disease; active immunity

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19
Q

what is a vaccine stimulating the immune system to do?

A

-stimulate the immune system to produce the needed antibodies

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20
Q

which kind of immunity is described?
when antibodies are produced from your own body after being exposed + fighting off the infection, or when the antibodies are transferred through the placenta or breastmilk

A

Natural Immunity

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21
Q

When injury occurs prostaglandins are released in the anti-inflammatory reaction. ______________ (COX) an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. There are 2 kinds: COX-1 & COX-2.

A

cyclooxygenase

22
Q

The job of COX-1 releases prostaglandins to maintain body homeostasis by: (3)

A

-protecting GI mucosa
-enhance platelet aggregation
-promote renal function

23
Q

COX-2 releases prostaglandins that respond to the injury, which results in: (3)

A

-inflammation
-pain
-fever

24
Q

Which 2 drugs are COX-1 & COX-2 inhibitors?

A

Aspirin + Ibuprofen

25
Q

Aspirin + Ibuprofen are both used as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and as an analgesic. But what is Aspirin also used for that Ibuprofen isn’t?

A

to inhibit platelet aggregation to reduce the risk of MI, Stroke + TIA

26
Q

True or false?
Aspirin and Ibuprofen are both contraindicated in pregnancy + lactation because it can cross through the placenta and breastmilk.

A

TRUE

27
Q

If you’re taking Ibuprofen with
Alcohol
Glucocorticoids or
Anticoagulants,
what does this combination INCREASE the risk of?

A

Bleeding

28
Q

If you have a patient with a Hx. of alcohol abuse, with a current GI ulcer and they are a high Rx. of a cardiovascular event, what would be the best medication to give to help reduce their pain?

A

Acetaminophen

29
Q

What are the S+S of Acetaminophen OD, and what would you give as the antidote?

A

-N/V/D
-diaphoresis

Acetylcysteine

30
Q

In toxic doses, what can Acetaminophen cause failure of?

A

Liver Failure

31
Q

As a nurse giving acetaminophen long term, what 2 things should you be monitoring?

A

Blood pressure and the liver

32
Q

Acetaminophen acts directly on the hypothalamus to ________, which brings more blood flow to the skin to allow more heat loss and cause ________ to reduce fever.

A

vasodilate; sweating

33
Q

Chrysotherapy is the use of _____ _____ to treat rheumatic inflammatory conditions by inhibiting phagocytosis which in return decrease tissue destruction

A

Gold Salts

34
Q

Auranofin (gold salts) are extremely teratogenic, so what is important to include in patient education, especially with female patients?

A

contraception should be used, and if you’re breastfeeding, another way to feed your infant should be used

35
Q

It is important to make sure patients know Auranofin DOES NOT repair damage, it just _______ any further damage from happening.

A

prevents

36
Q

Which drug is a DMARD?
(disease modifying antirheumatic drugs)

they “EnterCEPT” (block) TNF to slow the inflammatory response + joint damage

A

Etanercept

37
Q

It is important to know if patients have an allergy to what, if they are going to be given Etanercept because it is made with this product?

A

Chinese hamster ovaries

38
Q

Patients who are taking Etanercept are at an increased (severe) risk at developing what 2 things?
because of this patients who have any kind of chronic sickness, cancer or infection this medication should be avoided.

A

cancer and severe infections

39
Q

True or false? antirheumatic drugs are teratogenic, so it should not be given to patients who are pregnant or lactating.

A

true

40
Q

Can you give a patient taking Etanercept a live vaccine?

A

NO they are at an increased risk of infection due to immune suppression

41
Q

Colchicine is a antigout/ hyperuricemia used to treat ……

A

ACUTE gout flare ups and gouty arthritis

(that is when gout crystals make their way into the kidneys + joints)

42
Q

If colchicine is used long term what muscle related illness can occur?

this illness occurs when damaged muscle tissue is released into the bloodstream

A

Rhabdomyolysis

43
Q

What can you tell your patient, who is taking colchicine to do, to avoid GI distress?

A

take this medication with food

44
Q

What kind of drugs should NOT be given with the MMR vaccine, because they could cause it to be ineffective and cause a SEVERE illness?

A

Immunosuppressant Drugs

45
Q

is the MMR vaccine a live vaccination?

A

yes; this vaccine stimulates an active immune reaction to produce antibodies for these viruses

46
Q

What are the expected side effects that could happen when the MMR vaccine is given?

A

-moderate fever/ mild cold + flu symptoms
-injection site irritation

47
Q

Immune Globulin is an Immune Sera given IM, it provides antibodies for:
1._________
2._________
3._________
4._________
and be given to patients who are immunoglobulin deficient.

A
  1. Hepatitis A
  2. Measles
  3. Varicella
  4. Rubella
48
Q

When given Immune Sera, what are the 3 reasons it could be given for?

A

-passive immunity to these viruses

-prophylactic treatment after exposure in immunosuppressed patients

-lessen the severity of the disease after a known or suspected exposure

49
Q

Why do you need to know if your patient has received immune sera previously?

A

because your risk of a hypersensitivity reaction increases with each use

50
Q

Immune Globulin is NOT a vaccine, its a preparation that contains ____________ to provide quick, short term protection against certain diseases.

A

antibodies

51
Q

TNF (tumor necrosis factor) is a protein in your body that causes _________, when it is elevated it is a possible indication of things like cancer, Crohn’s or diabetes.

A

Inflammation

Pharmacology - ADRN.114 (13 decks)

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