Inflammation/ Immune (vaccines) Flashcards
Rotation 2 - Week 2 (ch.16,18)
define analgesic.
drugs that block pain
Antipyretics are drugs that block a fever. What are the 2 ways these are achieving fever reduction?
-effecting the thermoregulation in the hypothalamus
-blocking prostaglandin mediators
What is chrysotherapy?
this is treatment with gold salts to decrease tissue destruction
What class of medications are used to treat inflammatory arthritis disease processes?
(DMARDs)
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
IBD is characterized by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. What 2 disorders fall into IBD?
-Crohn’s Disease
-Ulcerative Colitis
What are the 4 S+S of inflammation?
-pain
-redness
-swelling
-heat
what do NSAIDs and Salicylates (salicylic acid compounds) do?
(4)
-block prostaglandin synthesis
-reduce inflammation
-antipyretic
-analgesic
Salicylism is a syndrome where levels of salicylates are too high. What S+S will you see if a patient is experiencing this? (6)
-dizziness
-tinnitus
-difficulty hearing
-N/V/D
-confusion
-lassitude (low energy)
Chrysotherapy (gold compound) are reserved for when patients aren’t responding to other therapies. What is this used to treat?
rheumatic inflammatory conditions (rheumatoid arthritis)
Active immunity is when your body forms antibodies secondary to an initial exposure to a specific antigen so that the next exposure, your body already has the antibodies to fight that antigen off. How is this acquired?
this can be artificially or naturally obtained through vaccination or just through exposure to that antigen through another person or touching something
Antitoxins are immune sera that contain antibodies for specific toxins that are produced by invaders, how do they prevent disease?
antitoxins prevent the toxin from adhering to body tissue
Antivenins are immune sera that contain antibodies specific to ________produced by poisonous snakes/ spiders to prevent __________.
Venom; cell death
What are considered “biologicals,” - these are used to stimulate the production antibodies, to facilitate an immune response to react specifically to the toxin produced by that invading pathogen. (3)
- vaccines
- immune sera
- antitoxins
Immune sera are antibodies found in immune globulin from _____ or ______, that have had a specific disease & developed antibodies to it.
humans or animals
How does Immunization stimulate immunity without causing the full course of the disease when administered?
Because you are only being exposed to a weakened or less toxic protein associated with said disease
how is Passive Immunity obtained?
naturally or artificially; mother to baby (breastmilk) or antibodies in serum
What is serum sickness?
a massive immune reaction to injected antibodies or immune sera
What is a vaccine and what kind of immunity does it give a person?
an immunization that contains weakened or altered protein antigens to stimulate the formation of specific antibodies against that specific disease; active immunity
what is a vaccine stimulating the immune system to do?
-stimulate the immune system to produce the needed antibodies
which kind of immunity is described?
when antibodies are produced from your own body after being exposed + fighting off the infection, or when the antibodies are transferred through the placenta or breastmilk
Natural Immunity
When injury occurs prostaglandins are released in the anti-inflammatory reaction. ______________ (COX) an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. There are 2 kinds: COX-1 & COX-2.
cyclooxygenase
The job of COX-1 releases prostaglandins to maintain body homeostasis by: (3)
-protecting GI mucosa
-enhance platelet aggregation
-promote renal function
COX-2 releases prostaglandins that respond to the injury, which results in: (3)
-inflammation
-pain
-fever
Which 2 drugs are COX-1 & COX-2 inhibitors?
Aspirin + Ibuprofen
Aspirin + Ibuprofen are both used as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and as an analgesic. But what is Aspirin also used for that Ibuprofen isn’t?
to inhibit platelet aggregation to reduce the risk of MI, Stroke + TIA
True or false?
Aspirin and Ibuprofen are both contraindicated in pregnancy + lactation because it can cross through the placenta and breastmilk.
TRUE
If you’re taking Ibuprofen with
Alcohol
Glucocorticoids or
Anticoagulants,
what does this combination INCREASE the risk of?
Bleeding
If you have a patient with a Hx. of alcohol abuse, with a current GI ulcer and they are a high Rx. of a cardiovascular event, what would be the best medication to give to help reduce their pain?
Acetaminophen
What are the S+S of Acetaminophen OD, and what would you give as the antidote?
-N/V/D
-diaphoresis
Acetylcysteine
In toxic doses, what can Acetaminophen cause failure of?
Liver Failure
As a nurse giving acetaminophen long term, what 2 things should you be monitoring?
Blood pressure and the liver
Acetaminophen acts directly on the hypothalamus to ________, which brings more blood flow to the skin to allow more heat loss and cause ________ to reduce fever.
vasodilate; sweating
Chrysotherapy is the use of _____ _____ to treat rheumatic inflammatory conditions by inhibiting phagocytosis which in return decrease tissue destruction
Gold Salts
Auranofin (gold salts) are extremely teratogenic, so what is important to include in patient education, especially with female patients?
contraception should be used, and if you’re breastfeeding, another way to feed your infant should be used
It is important to make sure patients know Auranofin DOES NOT repair damage, it just _______ any further damage from happening.
prevents
Which drug is a DMARD?
(disease modifying antirheumatic drugs)
they “EnterCEPT” (block) TNF to slow the inflammatory response + joint damage
Etanercept
It is important to know if patients have an allergy to what, if they are going to be given Etanercept because it is made with this product?
Chinese hamster ovaries
Patients who are taking Etanercept are at an increased (severe) risk at developing what 2 things?
because of this patients who have any kind of chronic sickness, cancer or infection this medication should be avoided.
cancer and severe infections
True or false? antirheumatic drugs are teratogenic, so it should not be given to patients who are pregnant or lactating.
true
Can you give a patient taking Etanercept a live vaccine?
NO they are at an increased risk of infection due to immune suppression
Colchicine is a antigout/ hyperuricemia used to treat ……
ACUTE gout flare ups and gouty arthritis
(that is when gout crystals make their way into the kidneys + joints)
If colchicine is used long term what muscle related illness can occur?
this illness occurs when damaged muscle tissue is released into the bloodstream
Rhabdomyolysis
What can you tell your patient, who is taking colchicine to do, to avoid GI distress?
take this medication with food
What kind of drugs should NOT be given with the MMR vaccine, because they could cause it to be ineffective and cause a SEVERE illness?
Immunosuppressant Drugs
is the MMR vaccine a live vaccination?
yes; this vaccine stimulates an active immune reaction to produce antibodies for these viruses
What are the expected side effects that could happen when the MMR vaccine is given?
-moderate fever/ mild cold + flu symptoms
-injection site irritation
Immune Globulin is an Immune Sera given IM, it provides antibodies for:
1._________
2._________
3._________
4._________
and be given to patients who are immunoglobulin deficient.
- Hepatitis A
- Measles
- Varicella
- Rubella
When given Immune Sera, what are the 3 reasons it could be given for?
-passive immunity to these viruses
-prophylactic treatment after exposure in immunosuppressed patients
-lessen the severity of the disease after a known or suspected exposure
Why do you need to know if your patient has received immune sera previously?
because your risk of a hypersensitivity reaction increases with each use
Immune Globulin is NOT a vaccine, its a preparation that contains ____________ to provide quick, short term protection against certain diseases.
antibodies
TNF (tumor necrosis factor) is a protein in your body that causes _________, when it is elevated it is a possible indication of things like cancer, Crohn’s or diabetes.
Inflammation
