Opioids + Anesthetics

Question 1

Codeine
Fentanyl
Hydrocodone
Methadone
Morphine
Oxycodone
Tramadol

These belong to what drug class?

Answer 1

Opioid Agonists

(pain Relief)

Question 2

opioids cause _________ because they slow GI smooth muscle and peristalsis.

Answer 2

constipation

Question 3

-decreased respiratory rate/depth
-CNS depression
-flushing
-orthostatic hypotension
-pupil constriction
-N/V

These are side/ adverse effects of which drug class?

Answer 3

opioids

Question 4

Dependance and tolerance are very common with these drugs. What are some symptoms of withdrawal when a patient is taking an opioid?

Answer 4

-tremors
-agitation
-N/V

Question 5

Naloxone (Narcan)
Naltrexone
Methylnaltrexone

These are examples of opioid _________ used to treat opioid overdose.

Answer 5

antagonists

Question 6

Naloxone is reversing respiratory depression and OD. What are some of the side effects a patient could experience after naloxone is administered?

Answer 6

-headache
-dizziness
-nervousness
-palpitations
-HTN
-SOB
-urinary frequency

Question 7

True or False?
The effect of an opioid may last longer than the opioid antagonist. So after the naloxone wears off the opioid effects may return. This is why multiple doses are needed in some cases.

Answer 7

true true true

Question 8

-producing loss of consciousness
-loss of responsiveness
-muscle relaxation

This is the goal of inhalation ____________.

Answer 8

anesthetics

Question 9

What is the lethal syndrome that can occur from anesthesia that gets treated with dantrolene, that is characterized by hyperthermia and muscle rigidity?

Answer 9

malignant hyperthermia

Question 10

what are some side effects of coming out of inhalation anesthesia?

Answer 10

-N/V
-decreased ABC’s
-confusion
-sedation effects
-hypothermia
-ataxia

Question 11

IV anesthetics are usually used when it’s needed ________ or only needed for a _______ period of time.

Answer 11

rapidly; short

Question 12

BARBITURATES
DISSOCIATIVES
HYPNOTICS
OPIATES
BENZODIAZEPINES

These are examples of IV __________.

Answer 12

anesthetics

Question 13

Which drug:
-provides INTENSE analgesia
-prolonged recovery
-increased HR + BP

Answer 13

Ketamine

Question 14

________ has a rapid onset and short duration and a minimal residual sedative effect. An interesting side effect is the hiccups + cough.

Answer 14

propofol

Question 15

What syndrome occurs when propofol is given in too high a dose for an extended period of time?

Answer 15

propofol infusion syndrome

Question 16

What are the 5 characteristics of propofol infusion syndrome?

Answer 16

-severe metabolic acidosis
-rhabdomyolysis
-hyperkalemia
-kidney injury
-cardiovascular collapse

Question 17

Etomidate is a drug used for anesthesia _____. it can cause cough, hiccups, muscle twitching, apnea, N/V + possible pain and phlebitis at the injection site.

Answer 17

only

Question 18

Fentanyl is an IV anesthetic that is _____x more potent than morphine.

Answer 18

100

respiratory/CNS depression
highly addictive

Question 19

Midazolam is a ________ sedative, it is used to promote sedation + amnesia prior to receiving anesthesia, but it can still cause all the same depressive side effects.

Answer 19

preoperative

Question 20

Local anesthetics are used to prevent or relieve pain in a specific area of the body.

What are some examples of drugs in this class?

Answer 20

-lidocaine
-procaine
-tetracaine

Question 21

-vasoconstriction
-headache
-restlessness
-metallic taste
-dizziness

these are side effects of ______ anesthetics such as procaine.

Answer 21

local

Question 22

These kinds of anesthetics are used to :
-relieve or prevent pain
-relieve itching/irritation
-anesthetize before an injection
-sore throat/ mouth pain

BUT they must be applied to intact skin or mucous membranes

Answer 22

topical anesthetics

Question 23

Benzocaine is an oral gel anesthetic, it shouldn’t be used in kids under __. It can cause METHEMOGLOBINEMIA - which is a hemoglobin disorder where oxygen isn’t effectively released to the body tissue.

Answer 23

2

Question 24

Ethyl Chloride is another topical anesthetic that has vapocoolant effects to numb pain, an adverse effect of this is ___________ at the application site.

Answer 24

frostbite

Question 25

____________ blocking agents serve as adjunct therapy to general anesthesia when reflex muscle movement could interfere with the surgery or procedure. Such as:

-intubation
-endoscopic diagnostic procedures

Answer 25

Neuromuscular

Question 26

-Pancuronium
-Rocuronium
-Vecuronium
-Succinylcholine

are examples of neuromuscular blocking agents. Which one would you choose for short term use because it lasts <3 minutes?

Answer 26

Succinylcholine

Question 27

TRUE/ FALSE?
neuromuscular blocking agents are -distributed rapidly
-they don’t cross the blood/ brain barrier
-the patient IS conscious + able to feel pain but they’re paralyzed + can’t communicate
-these drugs are stored in the refrigerator
-eye/ skin care is very important

Answer 27

TRUE

-this is why it’s generally given in adjunct with anesthesia-

Question 28

-apnea
-hypotension
-bronchospasm
-excessive secretions

These are side effects of which drug class?

Answer 28

neuromuscular blocking agents

Question 29

what is the antidote for a neuromuscular blocking agent?

Answer 29

anticholinesterase

Question 30

What medication would you guve if you need to reverse the effects of a neuromuscular blocker?

Answer 30

Neosteigmine