Opioids + Anesthetics Flashcards
Codeine
Fentanyl
Hydrocodone
Methadone
Morphine
Oxycodone
Tramadol
These belong to what drug class?
Opioid Agonists
(pain Relief)
opioids cause _________ because they slow GI smooth muscle and peristalsis.
constipation
-decreased respiratory rate/depth
-CNS depression
-flushing
-orthostatic hypotension
-pupil constriction
-N/V
These are side/ adverse effects of which drug class?
opioids
Dependance and tolerance are very common with these drugs. What are some symptoms of withdrawal when a patient is taking an opioid?
-tremors
-agitation
-N/V
Naloxone (Narcan)
Naltrexone
Methylnaltrexone
These are examples of opioid _________ used to treat opioid overdose.
antagonists
Naloxone is reversing respiratory depression and OD. What are some of the side effects a patient could experience after naloxone is administered?
-headache
-dizziness
-nervousness
-palpitations
-HTN
-SOB
-urinary frequency
True or False?
The effect of an opioid may last longer than the opioid antagonist. So after the naloxone wears off the opioid effects may return. This is why multiple doses are needed in some cases.
true true true
-producing loss of consciousness
-loss of responsiveness
-muscle relaxation
This is the goal of inhalation ____________.
anesthetics
What is the lethal syndrome that can occur from anesthesia that gets treated with dantrolene, that is characterized by hyperthermia and muscle rigidity?
malignant hyperthermia
what are some side effects of coming out of inhalation anesthesia?
-N/V
-decreased ABC’s
-confusion
-sedation effects
-hypothermia
-ataxia
IV anesthetics are usually used when it’s needed ________ or only needed for a _______ period of time.
rapidly; short
BARBITURATES
DISSOCIATIVES
HYPNOTICS
OPIATES
BENZODIAZEPINES
These are examples of IV __________.
anesthetics
Which drug:
-provides INTENSE analgesia
-prolonged recovery
-increased HR + BP
Ketamine
________ has a rapid onset and short duration and a minimal residual sedative effect. An interesting side effect is the hiccups + cough.
propofol
What syndrome occurs when propofol is given in too high a dose for an extended period of time?
propofol infusion syndrome
What are the 5 characteristics of propofol infusion syndrome?
-severe metabolic acidosis
-rhabdomyolysis
-hyperkalemia
-kidney injury
-cardiovascular collapse
Etomidate is a drug used for anesthesia _____. it can cause cough, hiccups, muscle twitching, apnea, N/V + possible pain and phlebitis at the injection site.
only
Fentanyl is an IV anesthetic that is _____x more potent than morphine.
100
respiratory/CNS depression
highly addictive
Midazolam is a ________ sedative, it is used to promote sedation + amnesia prior to receiving anesthesia, but it can still cause all the same depressive side effects.
preoperative
Local anesthetics are used to prevent or relieve pain in a specific area of the body.
What are some examples of drugs in this class?
-lidocaine
-procaine
-tetracaine
-vasoconstriction
-headache
-restlessness
-metallic taste
-dizziness
these are side effects of ______ anesthetics such as procaine.
local
These kinds of anesthetics are used to :
-relieve or prevent pain
-relieve itching/irritation
-anesthetize before an injection
-sore throat/ mouth pain
BUT they must be applied to intact skin or mucous membranes
topical anesthetics
Benzocaine is an oral gel anesthetic, it shouldn’t be used in kids under __. It can cause METHEMOGLOBINEMIA - which is a hemoglobin disorder where oxygen isn’t effectively released to the body tissue.
2
Ethyl Chloride is another topical anesthetic that has vapocoolant effects to numb pain, an adverse effect of this is ___________ at the application site.
frostbite
____________ blocking agents serve as adjunct therapy to general anesthesia when reflex muscle movement could interfere with the surgery or procedure. Such as:
-intubation
-endoscopic diagnostic procedures
Neuromuscular
-Pancuronium
-Rocuronium
-Vecuronium
-Succinylcholine
are examples of neuromuscular blocking agents. Which one would you choose for short term use because it lasts <3 minutes?
Succinylcholine
TRUE/ FALSE?
neuromuscular blocking agents are -distributed rapidly
-they don’t cross the blood/ brain barrier
-the patient IS conscious + able to feel pain but they’re paralyzed + can’t communicate
-these drugs are stored in the refrigerator
-eye/ skin care is very important
TRUE
-this is why it’s generally given in adjunct with anesthesia-
-apnea
-hypotension
-bronchospasm
-excessive secretions
These are side effects of which drug class?
neuromuscular blocking agents
what is the antidote for a neuromuscular blocking agent?
anticholinesterase
What medication would you guve if you need to reverse the effects of a neuromuscular blocker?
Neosteigmine
