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Pharmacology - ADRN.114 > Anxiolytics + Hypnotics + Antidepressants + Antipsychotics > Flashcards

Anxiolytics + Hypnotics + Antidepressants + Antipsychotics Flashcards

1
Q

sedatives, hypnotics and tranquilizers are examples of classes used as ________ + __________.

A

anxiolytics + hypnotics

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2
Q

Benzodiazepines are frequently used for anxiety because they can give relief pretty quickly and do it without having a heightened ___________ effect.

A

sedative

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3
Q

Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Chlorazepate, Diazepam, Estazolam,
Flurazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam, Oxazepam, Quazepam. Temazepam, Triazolam

These are all examples of which drug class?

A

Benzodiazepines

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4
Q

These drugs are not recommended in pregnancy and breastfeeding because it can cause (5):

A

-neonate withdrawal
-cleft lip/ palate
-pyloric stenosis
-inguinal hernias
-heart defects microcephaly

when taken in the first or third trimester

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5
Q

sedation
drowsiness
lethargy
depression
blurred vision
headaches
amnesia/ confusion

these are some side/adverse effects of _______ or ________ like Benzodiazepines.

A

anxiolytics or hypnotics

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6
Q

the combination of opioids or alcohol should be avoided when on a benzodiazepine due to it increasing CNS ____________.

A

depression

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7
Q

Butobarbital, Pentobarbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital are all examples of what drug class?

A

Barbiturates

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8
Q

Why are barbiturates not the drug of choice for sedations and hypnosis anymore?

A

the sedation, likelihood of adverse affects and addiction/ dependence are greater than other drug options

they also have ALOT of drug interactions

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9
Q

What kind of GI effects do barbiturates have?

A

nausea
vomiting
constipation
diarrhea

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10
Q

Promethazine and Diphenhydramine are 2 ______________ used to treat anxiety or produce hypnosis. These meds are very sedating and used preoperatively to decrease the need for narcotics.

A

antihistamines

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11
Q

Buspirones only action is to reduce ________ due to it binding to serotonin and dopamine receptors; without effects on the CNS and severe adverse effects like other medications.

A

anxiety

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12
Q

Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) is mainly used for sedation of __________ patients in the ICU.

A

ventilated

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13
Q

bupropion, mirtazapine, nefazodone, trazodone

These are drugs that fall into their own class, but what kind of drug are they?

A

these are antidepressants

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14
Q

What are the 4 main drug classes of antidepressants?

A
  1. TCAs
    2.MAOIs
    3.SSRIs
    4.SNRIs
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15
Q

If any other antidepressant is combined with an MAOI, what is the patient at risk of developing?

A

serotonin syndrome

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16
Q

what should you monitor for as a nurse to look for serotonin syndrome?

A

increased HR + BP
tremors
sweating/ shivering

17
Q

Desipramine
Amitriptyline
Clomipramine
Doxepin
Trimipramine

These belong to which class of antidepressants?

A

TCA’s - Tricyclic Antidepressants

18
Q

why is it important not to give a patient whose had a recent MI a TCA?

A

the TCA could cause the patient to have a reinfarction or prolong the existing infarction

19
Q

TCA’s have __________ effects, like dry eyes, urinary retention, dry mouth and constipation.

A

anticholinergic

20
Q

Isocarboxazid
Phenelzine
Selegiline
Tranylcypromine

these drugs belong to which class of antidepressants?

A

MAOI’s - monoamine oxidase inhibitors

21
Q

While on an MAOI, foods containing ___________ should be avoided due to the risk of a hypertensive crisis.

A

tyramine

*aged meat + cheese
*red wine
*soy sauce
etc.

22
Q

if you are stopping one antidepressant, to start taking another one, how long do you have to wait in between to avoid any adverse effects?

A

6 weeks

23
Q

SERTRALINE
citalopram
escitalopram
fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine

These are examples of antidepressants that belong to what drug class?

A

SSRI’s - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

24
Q

true or false?
When a patient is newly taking an antidepressant, it is important to monitor them because these drugs can increase suicidality

A

true - especially with SSRIs and SNRIs

25
Q

Desvenlafaxine
Duloxetine
Milnacipran
Venlafaxine

These are examples of which class of antidepressants?

A

SNRI’s - serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

25
Q

Antipsychotics are contraindicated in underlying diseases that would be exacerbated by dopamine blocking like ……

A

Parkinson’s disease

26
Q

aripiprazole, cariprazine, lithium salts, lurasidone, olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone -

These drugs are antipsychotics used to treat _______ _________ in people who struggle with a period of depression then a period of mania.

A

bipolar disorder

27
Q

_______ is the traditional treatment of mania. It works by regulating their mood and not letting it get too high or too low.

A

lithium

28
Q

What is the most important education point when a patient is taking lithium?

A

fluid balance
stay hydrated but don’t overhydrate - contact provider if any condition that could alter fluid/ sodium levels occurs - IE. diarrhea

29
Q

what are the 3 adverse effects of lithium associated with long term use?

A

-weight gain
-renal toxicity
-hypothyroidism

30
Q

what is the therapeutic range of lithium?

A

0.8-1.2

31
Q

what are some signs of lithium toxicity?

A

-CNS issues/ seizures
-cardiac effects (ECG)
-hypertension
-renal toxicity (large output of dilute urine)
-pulmonary toxicity

32
Q

The combination of lithium with Haldol could lead to: (3)

A

-encephalopathic syndrome
-leukocytosis
-irreversible brain damage

33
Q

Methylphenidate
Amphetamine

These drugs are CNS stimulants used to treat ________.

A

ADHD

34
Q

true or false?
It is important to rule out heart defects before a patient takes methylphenidate because the stimulation can become aggravated by the stimulatory effects.

A

true

35
Q

what are the side effects of Methylphenidate?

RITALIN

A

R- really high BP (HTN)
I- insomnia
T- tachycardia
A- appetite loss
L- loss of weight
I- insomnia
N- no growth

Pharmacology - ADRN.114 (16 decks)

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