Anxiolytics + Hypnotics + Antidepressants + Antipsychotics Flashcards
sedatives, hypnotics and tranquilizers are examples of classes used as ________ + __________.
anxiolytics + hypnotics
Benzodiazepines are frequently used for anxiety because they can give relief pretty quickly and do it without having a heightened ___________ effect.
sedative
Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Chlorazepate, Diazepam, Estazolam,
Flurazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam, Oxazepam, Quazepam. Temazepam, Triazolam
These are all examples of which drug class?
Benzodiazepines
These drugs are not recommended in pregnancy and breastfeeding because it can cause (5):
-neonate withdrawal
-cleft lip/ palate
-pyloric stenosis
-inguinal hernias
-heart defects microcephaly
when taken in the first or third trimester
sedation
drowsiness
lethargy
depression
blurred vision
headaches
amnesia/ confusion
these are some side/adverse effects of _______ or ________ like Benzodiazepines.
anxiolytics or hypnotics
the combination of opioids or alcohol should be avoided when on a benzodiazepine due to it increasing CNS ____________.
depression
Butobarbital, Pentobarbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital are all examples of what drug class?
Barbiturates
Why are barbiturates not the drug of choice for sedations and hypnosis anymore?
the sedation, likelihood of adverse affects and addiction/ dependence are greater than other drug options
they also have ALOT of drug interactions
What kind of GI effects do barbiturates have?
nausea
vomiting
constipation
diarrhea
Promethazine and Diphenhydramine are 2 ______________ used to treat anxiety or produce hypnosis. These meds are very sedating and used preoperatively to decrease the need for narcotics.
antihistamines
Buspirones only action is to reduce ________ due to it binding to serotonin and dopamine receptors; without effects on the CNS and severe adverse effects like other medications.
anxiety
Dexmedetomidine (Precedex) is mainly used for sedation of __________ patients in the ICU.
ventilated
bupropion, mirtazapine, nefazodone, trazodone
These are drugs that fall into their own class, but what kind of drug are they?
these are antidepressants
What are the 4 main drug classes of antidepressants?
- TCAs
2.MAOIs
3.SSRIs
4.SNRIs
If any other antidepressant is combined with an MAOI, what is the patient at risk of developing?
serotonin syndrome
what should you monitor for as a nurse to look for serotonin syndrome?
increased HR + BP
tremors
sweating/ shivering
Desipramine
Amitriptyline
Clomipramine
Doxepin
Trimipramine
These belong to which class of antidepressants?
TCA’s - Tricyclic Antidepressants
why is it important not to give a patient whose had a recent MI a TCA?
the TCA could cause the patient to have a reinfarction or prolong the existing infarction
TCA’s have __________ effects, like dry eyes, urinary retention, dry mouth and constipation.
anticholinergic
Isocarboxazid
Phenelzine
Selegiline
Tranylcypromine
these drugs belong to which class of antidepressants?
MAOI’s - monoamine oxidase inhibitors
While on an MAOI, foods containing ___________ should be avoided due to the risk of a hypertensive crisis.
tyramine
*aged meat + cheese
*red wine
*soy sauce
etc.
if you are stopping one antidepressant, to start taking another one, how long do you have to wait in between to avoid any adverse effects?
6 weeks
SERTRALINE
citalopram
escitalopram
fluoxetine
Fluvoxamine
These are examples of antidepressants that belong to what drug class?
SSRI’s - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
true or false?
When a patient is newly taking an antidepressant, it is important to monitor them because these drugs can increase suicidality
true - especially with SSRIs and SNRIs
Desvenlafaxine
Duloxetine
Milnacipran
Venlafaxine
These are examples of which class of antidepressants?
SNRI’s - serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Antipsychotics are contraindicated in underlying diseases that would be exacerbated by dopamine blocking like ……
Parkinson’s disease
aripiprazole, cariprazine, lithium salts, lurasidone, olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone -
These drugs are antipsychotics used to treat _______ _________ in people who struggle with a period of depression then a period of mania.
bipolar disorder
_______ is the traditional treatment of mania. It works by regulating their mood and not letting it get too high or too low.
lithium
What is the most important education point when a patient is taking lithium?
fluid balance
stay hydrated but don’t overhydrate - contact provider if any condition that could alter fluid/ sodium levels occurs - IE. diarrhea
what are the 3 adverse effects of lithium associated with long term use?
-weight gain
-renal toxicity
-hypothyroidism
what is the therapeutic range of lithium?
0.8-1.2
what are some signs of lithium toxicity?
-CNS issues/ seizures
-cardiac effects (ECG)
-hypertension
-renal toxicity (large output of dilute urine)
-pulmonary toxicity
The combination of lithium with Haldol could lead to: (3)
-encephalopathic syndrome
-leukocytosis
-irreversible brain damage
Methylphenidate
Amphetamine
These drugs are CNS stimulants used to treat ________.
ADHD
true or false?
It is important to rule out heart defects before a patient takes methylphenidate because the stimulation can become aggravated by the stimulatory effects.
true
what are the side effects of Methylphenidate?
RITALIN
R- really high BP (HTN)
I- insomnia
T- tachycardia
A- appetite loss
L- loss of weight
I- insomnia
N- no growth
