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Pharmacology - ADRN.114 > diuretics + drugs affecting urinary tract/ bladder > Flashcards

diuretics + drugs affecting urinary tract/ bladder Flashcards

rotation 2 - week 5

1
Q

Finasteride is a drug used to treat _____.

A

BPH

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2
Q

Finasteride blocks the hormone ___________, which is decreasing the size of the prostate - this is relieving the BPH itself and the _________ associated with it.

A

-testosterone

-obstruction

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3
Q

What are the 3 hormonal side effects of finasteride?

A

-gynecomastia
-decreased libido + ejaculation volume
-low PSA levels

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4
Q

What are the 4 contraindications of Finasteride?

A

pregnancy
female
liver impairment
urinary system obstruction

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5
Q

Up to how long can it take Finasteride to have a therapeutic effect?

A

up to 12 months

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6
Q

oxybutynin is an antispasmodic used to treat spasms in the urinary tract and urge incontinence due to overactive or neurogenic bladder. But what other drug class does this medication belong to?

A

anticholinergic drug class

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7
Q

what are 2 complications of oxybutynin related to the urinary retention effects?

A

overdistension of the bladder and UTI

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8
Q

what are the 6 side effects of oxybutynin?

A

-anticholinergic effects
-somnolence
-fever
-headache
-dizziness
-heat exhaustion

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9
Q

what is the most important electrolyte to monitor while a patient is on furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide, due to the risk of dysrhythmias?

A

potassium

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10
Q

what are some foods rich in potassium?

A

-bananas
-raisins
-potatoes
-citrus fruit

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11
Q

Furosemide is a loop diuretic and hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic, they block the absorption of sodium + chloride. this leads to what? (3)

A

-sodium + chloride excretion

-increased urine output

-potassium excretion

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12
Q

electrolyte imbalances
hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia
orthostatic hypotension
dehydration

are all side effects of furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide. But which side effect does furosemide have that hydrochlorothiazide does not?

A

ototoxicity

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13
Q

when is a better time of day to take diuretics, in the morning or before bed?

A

in the morning

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14
Q

if you’re giving furosemide IV, why is it important to not push or set the pump to infuse too rapidly?

A

because if the dose is too high or you give this medication too rapidly, it can cause ototoxicity

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15
Q

If your patient is pregnant and/ or has a sulfa allergy can they take hydrochlorothiazide?

A

NO

both of these are contraindicated

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16
Q

If you take an NSAID with furosemide it will ______ the diuretic effects.

A

decrease

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17
Q

when taking a loop or thiazide diuretic, while also taking digoxin, if you become hypokalemic what are at risk of developing?

A

digoxin toxicity

18
Q

Spironolactone is a potassium _______ diuretic.

A

sparing

19
Q

Why may patients experience endocrine related side effects like menstrual irregularities or gynecomastia while taking spironolactone?

A

because its a steroid and also produces effects similar to progesterone and testosterone

20
Q

if hyperkalemia develops in your patient, what 3 things are you going to do?

A

-take an apical pulse
-EKG/ECG
-monitor for dysrhythmias

21
Q

A patient taking spironolactone needs to be educated on avoiding what?

A

-potassium supplements
-potassium rich foods

22
Q

HTN, edema, and hyperkalemia are indications to use what medication?

A

spironolactone, a potassium sparing diuretic

23
Q

If you have a sulfa allergy, which diuretics shouldn’t you take?

A

Thiazide and Loop diuretics both contain sulfa

24
Q

Acetazolamide is a mild diuretic that increases the amount of sodium and bicarbonate that is excreted through the urine. What drug class does this medication belong to?

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

25
Q

Since Acetazolamide is excreting all of that bicarb. what is one of the biggest side effects that could occur?

A

metabolic acidosis

26
Q

Which drug is used to treat open angle glaucoma because it decreases aqueous humor formation and IOP?

A

Acetazolamide

27
Q

Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that ____ ___ into the renal tubules to be excreted.

A

draws water

28
Q

What 3 conditions are indicated for osmotic diuretic use?

A

-glaucoma
-increased IOP
-to induce renal excretion of toxins, like from Rhabdo.

29
Q

Mannitol is not generally used, and is actually contraindicated in fluid overload conditions like HF + pulmonary edema because why?

A

it could cause an exacerbation of these conditions

30
Q

Mannitol is ONLY given IV and it is important that the drug crystals are _______ in _______ water.

A

-dissolved
-warm

31
Q

Fosfomycin is an anti-infective used to treat _____.

A

UTI

32
Q

Does Fosfomycin treat gram negative or gram positive bacteria to lead to cell death?

fosNOmycin

A

gram negative bacteria

33
Q

What are 3 non-pharmacological things a patient can do while having a UTI to help get rid of this infection?

A

-proper hygiene
-stay hydrated
-proper diet

34
Q

How does phenazopyridine relieve the pain, urgency, burning, frequency or discomfort associated with infection, trauma, surgery or procedures as a urinary tract analgesic?

A

this drug coats the urinary tract mucosa

35
Q

Which side effect needs to be reported and the medication discontinued and which side effect is expected?

  1. jaundice – 2.red/ orange urine that stains
A

jaundice needs to be reported and medication needs to be discontinued

red/orange urine is an expected side effect

36
Q

pentosan polysulfate sodium is a bladder protectant. But this drug also has _______ + ________ effects that makes monitoring for bleeding super important as this patients nurse.

A

anticoagulant + fibrinolytic

37
Q

which medication coats the bladder mucosal wall to protect it from solutes in the urine in conditions like interstitial cystitis?

protects from PP

A

pentosan polysulfate sodium

38
Q

pentosan polysulfate sodium should be taken on an ______ ________, either 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after, to help with GI disturbances and with absorption.

A

empty stomach

39
Q

Doxazosin is an alpha adrenergic blocker so it is ________ arterioles and veins in the bladder and urinary tract, via sympathetic relaxation.

A

dilating

40
Q

It is important to apply safety precautions to patients taking doxazosin due to what 3 side effects?

A

-postural dizziness
-vertigo
-hypotension

41
Q

While a patient is on doxazosin it it important to monitor their cardiopulmonary status due to what 2 side effects?

A

tachycardia + palpitations

42
Q

why do you have to educate the patient whos taking oxybutynin about the risk of heat exposure?

A

due to the anticholinergic effects - they won’t be producing sweat to regulate body temperature

Pharmacology - ADRN.114 (13 decks)

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