GI drugs

Question 1

The histamine receptors in the stomach secrete stomach acid when they are stimulated, which histamine antagonist is given to decrease amount of acid produced and increase the pH of the acid that is in there, to help treat things like ulcers, GERD and heartburn?

think cimet. cement is alkaline, and this drug is trying to make your stomach more alkaline to reduce discomfort

Answer 1

Cimetidine

Question 2

what are the 3 side effects of cimetidine related to hormones + sexual function?

Answer 2

-impotence
-gynecomastia
-decreased libido

Question 3

you should not give antacids within at least one hour of giving other GI medications because?

Answer 3

it can decrease the absorption, therefore the effectiveness, of the medication that was given prior, especially histamine antagonists + mucosal protectants

Question 4

What drug class does omePrazole fall into, that’s used to treat ulcers, GERD + erosive esophagitis by inhibiting ATPase, which is responsible for gastric acid secretion?

Answer 4

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Question 5

Which electrolyte should you monitor if your patient is taking Omeprazole for longer than 3 months?

Answer 5

Magnesium

Question 6

how can you monitor for bone loss in your patient while they’re taking omeprazole, and how should they try to prevent it from happening?

Answer 6

bone density scans and by taking calcium/ vitamin D supplements and performing weight bearing exercises

Question 7

Sucralfate is a mucosal protectant used to treat duodenal ulcers, how does it protect your stomach from gastric secretions?

Answer 7

this medication forms a gel in the stomach that coats the ulcers, to protect them from the gastric acid

Question 8

What is the only side effect of a sucralfate and what is the treatment?

Answer 8

constipation, and give laxatives PRN and have the patient increase fluid + fiber intake

Question 9

true or false ? mucosal protectants decrease the absorption of other medications.

Answer 9

true

Question 10

What are antacids used to treat?

Answer 10

PUD + GERD

Question 11

What are 4 examples of antacids?

Sam Ate Mints + Caffeine, and has horrible acid reflux

Answer 11

-sodium bicarbonate
-aluminum hydroxide
-magnesium hydroxide
-calcium carbonate

Question 12

Antacids work by neutralizing the ____ ____ in the stomach.

Answer 12

gastric acid

Question 13

Which antacids cause diarrhea?

Answer 13

Magnesium Antacids

Question 14

which antacids cause constipation?

Answer 14

Aluminum and Calcium Antacids

Question 15

PROSTaglandins are used to prevent gastric ulcers in patients who use NSAIDs long term, which drug is the protype for this drug class?

Answer 15

misoPROSTol

Question 16

why should you make sure that your patient isn’t pregnant prior to administering Misoprostol?

Answer 16

this drug can cause:
-spontaneous abortion
-spotting
-uterine cramps
-dysmenorrhea
-painful menstruation

it can also be used to induce labor, soften the cervix + stimulate contractions

Question 17

How do serotonin antagonists, like ondansetron, work to relieve N/V chemo/ radiation or post op?

Answer 17

blocks the serotonin receptors in the Chemo Trigger Zone in the brain, that innervate the stomach to minimize N/V

Question 18

Metoclopramide is a nonphenothiazine drug used to treat N/V after chemo/radiation/opioids, GERD and diabetic gastroparesis by
-increasing the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter
-increases peristalsis and
-increases the threshold in the _______.

Answer 18

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone

Question 19

When a patient is taking metoclopramide, why should you monitor and report for restless, anxiety, spasms of the face and neck, lip smacking, writhing motions and other involuntary movements?

Answer 19

this could be signs that this drug has caused tardive dyskinesia

Question 20

How do osmotic laxatives, like magnesium citrate, work to relieve constipation?

Answer 20

this drug brings water into the intestines which enlarges and softens the stool + increases peristalsis

Question 21

Which medication is a (bulk forming) fiber supplement used to treat constipation, diarrhea, diverticulosis, IBS, and to help patients with ostomies with stool regulation?

Answer 21

psyllium

Question 22

True or False?
Psyllium works by pulling water from the intestines to form a glutinous mass to add bulk to the stool to increase peristalsis.

Answer 22

true

Question 23

Docusate is a stool softener used to treat constipation, impaction, reduce straining and help with painful stools. How does this soften the stools?

Answer 23

docusate decreases the absorption of water in the intestine and increases water absorption in the stool

Question 24

Which 2 therapies can be used together to produce a softer stool and enhance intestinal motility?

**DOCta + nurse Senna are going to help you poop **

Answer 24

Docusate + Senna

Question 25

Stimulant Laxatives are given by nurse Senna to treat opioid induced constipation or for colon prep for a procedure

How does senna work?

Answer 25

-stimulates motility
-decreases absorption through the intestinal wall which increases secretion to move stool out

Question 26

Why should you not give antacids together with a stimulant laxative?

Answer 26

because it can dissolve the enteric coating too early before it gets to the colon, where its supposed to be dissolved

Question 27

Loperamide is an opioid used to treat diarrhea + reduce the volume with an ileostomy? Why would an opioid be used to treat diarrhea?

Answer 27

because opioids do the opposite and usually cause constipation because they decrease peristalsis - this allows for water absorption to increase + firm up stool

Question 28

Alosetron decreases visceral pain, slows peristalsis, increases water absorption to treat diarrhea in which specific kind of patient?

only Alyssa can take ALosetron

Answer 28

female patients who have IBS-D

Question 29

What does Pancrelipase help digest + absorb?

Answer 29

fats, proteins and carbs

Question 30

Which drug protype is a digestive enzyme administered to replace the natural enzyme produced from the pancreas?

Question 31

Methylnaltrexone Bromide is used to treat constipation induced by?

the METH head came into the ER because he hasn’t pooped in 2 weeks from all the opioids

Answer 31

opioids

Question 32

Prochlorperazine is specifically used to treat N/V associated with anesthesia by blocking what receptors in the CTZ in the brain?

Answer 32

dopamine receptors

Question 33

Aprepitant directly blocks receptors in the CNS that are associated N/V caused by emetogenic chemotherapy. Why should you monitor for pregnancy and ask about breastfeeding with this medication? (besides the fact that they shouldn’t be pregnant or BF while getting chemo either)

Answer 33

because this drug can cross into the placenta and enter human milk