Antibiotics/ Anti-Infectives Flashcards
rotation 3 - week 1
Bacteriostatic ______ growth.
Inhibits
Bactericidal _____ bacteria directly.
kills
What lab study is done to determine what kind of bacteria is causing an infection?
culture and sensitivity
What kind of antibiotic is started immediately, while you wait for the C&S to come back?
a broad spectrum antibiotic
What are the 4 classifications of bacteria?
gram +
gram -
aerobic (needs oxygen)
anaerobic (no oxygen)
a secondary infection that occurs during or after an existing infection, and is usually caused by microorganisms that are resistant to the antibiotics used to treat the first infection.
What is this?
superinfection
what are 3 generic rules of thumb when taking antibiotics you should educate your patient on?
-finish the full course/ prescription of antibiotic
-avoid sunlight
-avoid alcohol
the use of an antibiotic to treat a viral infection could lead to?
resistance and superinfection
Gentamicin
Streptomycin
Neomycin
These drugs belong to what drug class?
Aminoglycosides
A major side effect of Aminoglycosides to monitor for is……
aminO/ otO
ototoxicity
Meropenem
Imipenem
Doripenem
These drugs belong to what class?
Carbapenems
The inflammation of the colon causing severe diarrhea and colitis, that is associated with antibiotic use, specifically Carbapenems + Fluoroquinolones antibiotics because they have caused this overgrowth of this bacteria?
C. diff
Carbapenems are not recommended for anyone under the age of ___.
18
A patient should not be prescribed a carbapenem antibiotic if they have an allergy to ______-______ antibiotics.
beta-lactam
true or false? Aminoglycosides work really well in kids and babies, but a lot of kids have hearing loss due to infections and antibiotic use in infancy.
true
Cefaclor
Cephalexin
Cefepime
Ceftriaxone
Cefazolin
These drugs belong to what drug class?
True or false?
When taking a cephalosporin you are at an increased risk of bleeding because these antibiotics interfere with blood clotting.
true
if you have an allergy to penicillin’s, can you take a cephalosporin antibiotic or is that a contraindication?
an allergy to penicillin’s is a contraindication
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
These drugs belong to what drug class?
Fluoroquinolones
The BIGGEST adverse effect in the use of a Fluoroquinolone is…..
Achilles TENDON RUPTURE
a Fluoroquinolone should be taken 1 hour before meals or __ hours after with a full glass of water.
2
are penicillin antibiotics broad-spectrum or gram neg. or pos. specific?
broad-spectrum
it is important to take penicillin’s on an empty stomach with ____ only.
water
hypersensitivity and candida/ furry tongue are SE/AE of which antibiotic drug class?
penicillin’s
Bactrim
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfadiazine
These drugs belong to which antibiotic drug class?
sulfonamides
AminoGlycosides inhibit gram _____ bacteria.
neGative
are carbapenems broad-spectrum?
yes
Fluoroquinolones inhibit gram _______ bacteria.
negative
Sulfonamides inhibit gram negative and positive bacteria, so that means it’s what kind of antibiotic?
broad-spectrum
When giving a patient with renal disease, hx. of kidney stones or any kidney issue a sulfonamide antibiotic, you have to monitor them closely because they cause ________.
crystalluria
Steven Johnson syndrome is serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes characterized by flu-like symptoms, followed by a painful rash that spreads and blisters then the top layer of affected skin dies, sheds, and begins to heal after several days. This syndrome is associated with use of which class of antibiotics?
Sulfonamides
Steven/Sulfonamides
If you have an allergy to sulfa, or loop or thiazide diuretics, use of which class of antibiotics is contraindicated?
sulfonamides
What kind of supplementation may you need while taking sulfonamides due to it causing a deficiency?
folic acid
Minocycline
Doxycycline
These are drugs that belong to what drug class?
Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines are an antibiotic that inhibit gram _____ + ______ bacteria.
negative + positive
A big reason why providers don’t like to prescribe tetracyclines to kids is because weakens, _______, and causing pitting in teeth and bones.
discolors
tooth discoloration
you should avoid taking tetracyclines with milk, calcium and antacids because it will _____ absorption. It is also important to take on an empty stomach.
prevent
Dapsone is a antimycobacterial drug used to treat _______.
leprosy
Ethambutol
Isoniazid
Rifabutin
These drugs belong to the ____________ drug class, that is used to treat tuberculosis.
antimycobacterial
A side effect of rifampin or Isoniazid is urine, sweat, tears + saliva to become ________. It is important to note that if they wear contacts they will stain (wear glasses).
orange
If a female patient is taking an antimycobacterial medication it is important to educate them about using a secondary measure of birth control because it can _______ the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
decrease
Adefovir
Entecavir
Tenofovir
Which drug class do these drugs belong to?
anti-hepatitis B agents
How does hepatitis B + C spread?
-blood
-sexual contact
-mother to baby
Harvoni (ledipasvir + sofosbuvir)
Zepatier (elbasvir + grazoprevir)
These drugs (combination drugs) belong to what drug class?
anti-hepatitis C agents
Hepatitis C should be undetectable after ___ weeks of antiviral treatment course.
12
Amphotericin B
Fluconazole
Miconazole
These drugs belong to which drug class?
Antifungals
can you ever give a pregnant women an antifungal?
no you can not; it can cause birth defects and spontaneous abortion
if a patient is developing liver toxicity, which quadrant will the patient have pain in?
the RUQ
chloroquine
hydroxychloroquine
which drug class do these drugs belong to?
antiprotozoals
anti- parasite
Pyrantel
Albendazole
Ivermectin
Mebendazole
Praziquantel
These drugs belong to what drug class, where the drugs are used to treat an infestation of worms?
anthelmintic
clindamycin and lincomycin are antibiotics that don’t really belong to a class, it is important to know: not recommended in _______ and can cause severe ____ reactions.
pregnancy; GI
Which antibiotic is best for pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Cephalosporins
