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Pharmacology - ADRN.114 > Antibiotics/ Anti-Infectives > Flashcards

Antibiotics/ Anti-Infectives Flashcards

rotation 3 - week 1

1
Q

Bacteriostatic ______ growth.

A

Inhibits

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2
Q

Bactericidal _____ bacteria directly.

A

kills

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3
Q

What lab study is done to determine what kind of bacteria is causing an infection?

A

culture and sensitivity

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4
Q

What kind of antibiotic is started immediately, while you wait for the C&S to come back?

A

a broad spectrum antibiotic

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5
Q

What are the 4 classifications of bacteria?

A

gram +
gram -
aerobic (needs oxygen)
anaerobic (no oxygen)

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6
Q

a secondary infection that occurs during or after an existing infection, and is usually caused by microorganisms that are resistant to the antibiotics used to treat the first infection.

What is this?

A

superinfection

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7
Q

what are 3 generic rules of thumb when taking antibiotics you should educate your patient on?

A

-finish the full course/ prescription of antibiotic
-avoid sunlight
-avoid alcohol

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8
Q

the use of an antibiotic to treat a viral infection could lead to?

A

resistance and superinfection

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9
Q

Gentamicin
Streptomycin
Neomycin

These drugs belong to what drug class?

A

Aminoglycosides

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10
Q

A major side effect of Aminoglycosides to monitor for is……

aminO/ otO

A

ototoxicity

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11
Q

Meropenem
Imipenem
Doripenem

These drugs belong to what class?

A

Carbapenems

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12
Q

The inflammation of the colon causing severe diarrhea and colitis, that is associated with antibiotic use, specifically Carbapenems + Fluoroquinolones antibiotics because they have caused this overgrowth of this bacteria?

A

C. diff

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13
Q

Carbapenems are not recommended for anyone under the age of ___.

A

18

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14
Q

A patient should not be prescribed a carbapenem antibiotic if they have an allergy to ______-______ antibiotics.

A

beta-lactam

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15
Q

true or false? Aminoglycosides work really well in kids and babies, but a lot of kids have hearing loss due to infections and antibiotic use in infancy.

A

true

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16
Q

Cefaclor
Cephalexin
Cefepime
Ceftriaxone
Cefazolin

These drugs belong to what drug class?

A
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17
Q

True or false?
When taking a cephalosporin you are at an increased risk of bleeding because these antibiotics interfere with blood clotting.

A

true

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18
Q

if you have an allergy to penicillin’s, can you take a cephalosporin antibiotic or is that a contraindication?

A

an allergy to penicillin’s is a contraindication

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19
Q

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin

These drugs belong to what drug class?

A

Fluoroquinolones

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20
Q

The BIGGEST adverse effect in the use of a Fluoroquinolone is…..

A

Achilles TENDON RUPTURE

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21
Q

a Fluoroquinolone should be taken 1 hour before meals or __ hours after with a full glass of water.

A

2

22
Q

are penicillin antibiotics broad-spectrum or gram neg. or pos. specific?

A

broad-spectrum

23
Q

it is important to take penicillin’s on an empty stomach with ____ only.

A

water

24
Q

hypersensitivity and candida/ furry tongue are SE/AE of which antibiotic drug class?

A

penicillin’s

25
Q

Bactrim
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfadiazine

These drugs belong to which antibiotic drug class?

A

sulfonamides

26
Q

AminoGlycosides inhibit gram _____ bacteria.

A

neGative

27
Q

are carbapenems broad-spectrum?

A

yes

28
Q

Fluoroquinolones inhibit gram _______ bacteria.

A

negative

29
Q

Sulfonamides inhibit gram negative and positive bacteria, so that means it’s what kind of antibiotic?

A

broad-spectrum

30
Q

When giving a patient with renal disease, hx. of kidney stones or any kidney issue a sulfonamide antibiotic, you have to monitor them closely because they cause ________.

A

crystalluria

31
Q

Steven Johnson syndrome is serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes characterized by flu-like symptoms, followed by a painful rash that spreads and blisters then the top layer of affected skin dies, sheds, and begins to heal after several days. This syndrome is associated with use of which class of antibiotics?

A

Sulfonamides

Steven/Sulfonamides

32
Q

If you have an allergy to sulfa, or loop or thiazide diuretics, use of which class of antibiotics is contraindicated?

A

sulfonamides

33
Q

What kind of supplementation may you need while taking sulfonamides due to it causing a deficiency?

A

folic acid

34
Q

Minocycline
Doxycycline

These are drugs that belong to what drug class?

A

Tetracyclines

35
Q

Tetracyclines are an antibiotic that inhibit gram _____ + ______ bacteria.

A

negative + positive

36
Q

A big reason why providers don’t like to prescribe tetracyclines to kids is because weakens, _______, and causing pitting in teeth and bones.

A

discolors

tooth discoloration

37
Q

you should avoid taking tetracyclines with milk, calcium and antacids because it will _____ absorption. It is also important to take on an empty stomach.

A

prevent

38
Q

Dapsone is a antimycobacterial drug used to treat _______.

A

leprosy

39
Q

Ethambutol
Isoniazid
Rifabutin

These drugs belong to the ____________ drug class, that is used to treat tuberculosis.

A

antimycobacterial

40
Q

A side effect of rifampin or Isoniazid is urine, sweat, tears + saliva to become ________. It is important to note that if they wear contacts they will stain (wear glasses).

A

orange

41
Q

If a female patient is taking an antimycobacterial medication it is important to educate them about using a secondary measure of birth control because it can _______ the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

A

decrease

42
Q

Adefovir
Entecavir
Tenofovir

Which drug class do these drugs belong to?

A

anti-hepatitis B agents

43
Q

How does hepatitis B + C spread?

A

-blood
-sexual contact
-mother to baby

44
Q

Harvoni (ledipasvir + sofosbuvir)
Zepatier (elbasvir + grazoprevir)

These drugs (combination drugs) belong to what drug class?

A

anti-hepatitis C agents

45
Q

Hepatitis C should be undetectable after ___ weeks of antiviral treatment course.

A

12

46
Q

Amphotericin B
Fluconazole
Miconazole

These drugs belong to which drug class?

A

Antifungals

47
Q

can you ever give a pregnant women an antifungal?

A

no you can not; it can cause birth defects and spontaneous abortion

48
Q

if a patient is developing liver toxicity, which quadrant will the patient have pain in?

A

the RUQ

49
Q

chloroquine
hydroxychloroquine

which drug class do these drugs belong to?

A

antiprotozoals

anti- parasite

50
Q

Pyrantel
Albendazole
Ivermectin
Mebendazole
Praziquantel

These drugs belong to what drug class, where the drugs are used to treat an infestation of worms?

A

anthelmintic

51
Q

clindamycin and lincomycin are antibiotics that don’t really belong to a class, it is important to know: not recommended in _______ and can cause severe ____ reactions.

A

pregnancy; GI

52
Q

Which antibiotic is best for pregnancy or breastfeeding?

A

Cephalosporins

Pharmacology - ADRN.114 (16 decks)

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