Drugs acting on the Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

what do adrenergic receptors respond to?

Answer 1

norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 2

What do cholinergic receptor sites respond to?

Answer 2

Acetylcholine

Question 3

Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme that breaks down ____, ______ and ______ to make them inactive.

Answer 3

norepinephrine
dopamine
serotonin

Question 4

what do sympathomimetic drugs do?

Answer 4

these are drugs that MIMIC the actions of of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 5

What is the sympathetic nervous systems “job”?

Answer 5

protect the body in times of stress or danger; “fight or flight”

Question 6

What kind of receptors are in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 6

Alpha + Beta

Question 7

what receptors do beta agonists specifically stimulate in the SNS?

Answer 7

Beta Receptors

Question 8

What do beta - adrenergic blocking agents do within the SNS?

Answer 8

block the beta receptors

Question 9

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase, is responsible for breaking down what?

Answer 9

acetylcholine

Question 10

what do parasympathomimetic drugs do?
and what is being mimicked?

Answer 10

these mimic the effects of the PNS; acetylcholine

Question 11

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 11

an autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies to cholinergic receptors; causing muscle weakness

Question 12

what do anticholinergic drugs do?

Answer 12

oppose the effects of acetylcholine

Question 13

what is mydriasis?

Answer 13

this is when the muscles around the pupil relax, which causes pupil dilation

Question 14

What describes parasympatholytic?

Answer 14

this is a drug that’s blocking or reducing the parasympathetic effects

Question 15

What is Alpha 1 do when stimulated?

Answer 15

peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 16

What does Beta 1 do when stimulated?

Answer 16

HR, contractility, blood pressure and blood volume all increase + dilate the pupils

Question 17

What does Alpha 2 do when stimulated?

Answer 17

this is the brain keeping everything “in check” - to prevent a too exaggerated of a response

Question 18

What do Beta 2 receptors do when stimulated?

Answer 18

this is the relaxation of smooth muscle
1.airway
2.GI tract
3.bladder
4.vessels

Question 19

what is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for?

Answer 19

the “rest and digest” of the body; maintaining regulatory tasks in the body

Question 20

What are the 2 receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system ?

Answer 20

muscarinic and nicotinic

Question 21

What are the actions of cholinergic drugs?

Answer 21

-enhance digestion
-promote urination
-slow heart rate
-increase secretions
-constrict pupils

Question 22

Bethanechol is indicated for acute post op/ post partum urinary retention or neurogenic bladder atony w/ retention, what is the action of this drug?

Answer 22

this drug increases tone and promotes emptying of the bladder

Question 23

Bethanechol is a ________. its a parasympathomimetic that mimics acetylcholine.

Answer 23

cholinergic agonist

Question 24

indirect acting cholinergic agonist is also mimicking acetylcholine by inhibiting what enzyme?

Answer 24

acetylcholinesterase

Question 25

What indirect acting cholinergic agonist is used to treat myasthenia gravis, by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase which increases Ach?

Answer 25

Pyridostigmine

Question 26

Anticholinergics are Para-sympatholytic which means they are _________ the action of Ach. Which is inhibiting he __________, therefore promoting the "fight or flight" response in the ___________.

Answer 26

-blocking -parasympathetic nervous system -sympathetic nervous system

Question 27

Atropine is an Anticholinergic that blocks muscarinic receptor sites, what are some of its uses?

Answer 27

-decrease secretions prior to surgery -Parkinson's -restore cardiac rate post vagal stimulation -relief of bradycardia

Question 28

what is happening in the body when the SNS is promoted, when anticholinergic drugs are taken? (5)

Answer 28

-decreased secretions -smooth muscle relaxation -increased heart rate -pupils dilate -GI motility slows

Question 29

What are the 4 main side effects of anticholinergics?

Answer 29

-dry eyes + blurry vision -urinary retention -dry mouth + less sweating -constipation

Question 30

which drug is used to correct hemodynamic imbalances in shock, vasodilates, maintains perfusion + stimulates the sympathetic response?

Answer 30

dopamine

Question 31

DOPAMINE, ephedrine, dobutamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine + pseudoephedrine are all alpha + beta adrenergic ____________.

Answer 31

agonists

Question 32

agonist is to sympathomimetic/parasympathomimetic as antagonist is to ____________/____________.

Answer 32

sympatholytic/para-sympatholytic

Question 33

Phenylephrine is an alpha selective adrenergic agonist, used to ____ ____ _____ by causing vasoconstriction.

Answer 33

raise blood pressure

Question 34

__________ is a beta selective adrenergic agonist used to treat low cardiac output and prevent bronchospasm under anesthesia. This drug is going to produce an ______ heartrate, ________ + vasodilate.

Answer 34

-isoproterenol -increased -bronchodilate

Question 35

some adverse/ side effects of isoproterenol include:

Answer 35

-restlessness -anxiety -arrhythmia's + tachycardia -respiratory difficulty + cough

Question 36

Beta 1 receptors relax the smooth muscle, Beta 2 receptors relax the bronchi, Beta 3 receptors relax the ___________, when stimulated.

Answer 36

bladder

Question 37

Labetalol is used to treat hypertension by blocking ____ + _____ to lower BP without reflex tachycardia.

Answer 37

alpha + beta receptors

Question 38

if phentolamine is blocking alpha receptors to cause vasodilation to lower BP + increase HR, what kinds of things will it be used to treat? (2)

Answer 38

-hypertension associated w/ pheochromocytoma -prevent necrosis associated with extravasation

Question 39

what medication is used to treat hypertension and BPH by reducing peripheral resistance?

Answer 39

doxazosin

Question 40

true/ false? ---- if a drug is an agonist that means that it stimulates the receptor, if a drug is an antagonist, that means it is blocking the receptor.

Answer 40

true

Question 41

Renin is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidneys, to regulate blood pressure, fluid volume + sodium levels, if those receptors are blocked how is it going to effect blood pressure?

Answer 41

this is gong to bring blood pressure down.

Question 42

which medication blocks beta adrenergic receptors in the heart and juxtaglomerular apparatus to bring down BP, prevent reinfarction after MI, prevent migraines + manage situational anxiety?

Answer 42

propranolol

Question 43

when beta 1 is stimulated the smooth muscle of the heart is excited and the rate will be up, when Beta 1 is blocked this is decreasing excitability of the heart, cardiac output, and oxygen consumption. which medication is going to do this when used to treat angina, hypertension, MI and alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 43

Atenolol