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Pharmacology > Drugs acting on the Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Drugs acting on the Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

Rotation 1 - week 2

1
Q

what do adrenergic receptors respond to?

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine

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2
Q

What do cholinergic receptor sites respond to?

A

Acetylcholine

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3
Q

Monoamine oxidase is an enzyme that breaks down ____, ______ and ______ to make them inactive.

A

norepinephrine
dopamine
serotonin

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4
Q

what do sympathomimetic drugs do?

A

these are drugs that MIMIC the actions of of the sympathetic nervous system

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5
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous systems “job”?

A

protect the body in times of stress or danger; “fight or flight”

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6
Q

What kind of receptors are in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Alpha + Beta

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7
Q

what receptors do beta agonists specifically stimulate in the SNS?

A

Beta Receptors

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8
Q

What do beta - adrenergic blocking agents do within the SNS?

A

block the beta receptors

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9
Q

The enzyme acetylcholinesterase, is responsible for breaking down what?

A

acetylcholine

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10
Q

what do parasympathomimetic drugs do?
and what is being mimicked?

A

these mimic the effects of the PNS; acetylcholine

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11
Q

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

A

an autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies to cholinergic receptors; causing muscle weakness

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12
Q

what do anticholinergic drugs do?

A

oppose the effects of acetylcholine

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13
Q

what is mydriasis?

A

this is when the muscles around the pupil relax, which causes pupil dilation

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14
Q

What describes parasympatholytic?

A

this is a drug that’s blocking or reducing the parasympathetic effects

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15
Q

What is Alpha 1 do when stimulated?

A

peripheral vasoconstriction

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16
Q

What does Beta 1 do when stimulated?

A

HR, contractility, blood pressure and blood volume all increase + dilate the pupils

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17
Q

What does Alpha 2 do when stimulated?

A

this is the brain keeping everything “in check” - to prevent a too exaggerated of a response

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18
Q

What do Beta 2 receptors do when stimulated?

A

this is the relaxation of smooth muscle
1.airway
2.GI tract
3.bladder
4.vessels

19
Q

what is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for?

A

the “rest and digest” of the body; maintaining regulatory tasks in the body

20
Q

What are the 2 receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system ?

A

muscarinic and nicotinic

21
Q

What are the actions of cholinergic drugs?

A

-enhance digestion
-promote urination
-slow heart rate
-increase secretions
-constrict pupils

22
Q

Bethanechol is indicated for acute post op/ post partum urinary retention or neurogenic bladder atony w/ retention, what is the action of this drug?

A

this drug increases tone and promotes emptying of the bladder

23
Q

Bethanechol is a ________. its a parasympathomimetic that mimics acetylcholine.

A

cholinergic agonist

24
Q

indirect acting cholinergic agonist is also mimicking acetylcholine by inhibiting what enzyme?

A

acetylcholinesterase

25
Q

What indirect acting cholinergic agonist is used to treat myasthenia gravis, by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase which increases Ach?

A

Pyridostigmine

26
Q

Anticholinergics are Para-sympatholytic which means they are _________ the action of Ach. Which is inhibiting he __________, therefore promoting the “fight or flight” response in the ___________.

A

-blocking
-parasympathetic nervous system
-sympathetic nervous system

27
Q

Atropine is an Anticholinergic that blocks muscarinic receptor sites, what are some of its uses?

A

-decrease secretions prior to surgery
-Parkinson’s
-restore cardiac rate post vagal stimulation
-relief of bradycardia

28
Q

what is happening in the body when the SNS is promoted, when anticholinergic drugs are taken? (5)

A

-decreased secretions
-smooth muscle relaxation
-increased heart rate
-pupils dilate
-GI motility slows

29
Q

What are the 4 main side effects of anticholinergics?

A

-dry eyes + blurry vision
-urinary retention
-dry mouth + less sweating
-constipation

30
Q

which drug is used to correct hemodynamic imbalances in shock, vasodilates, maintains perfusion + stimulates the sympathetic response?

A

dopamine

31
Q

DOPAMINE, ephedrine, dobutamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine + pseudoephedrine are all alpha + beta adrenergic ____________.

A

agonists

32
Q

agonist is to sympathomimetic/parasympathomimetic as antagonist is to ____________/____________.

A

sympatholytic/para-sympatholytic

33
Q

Phenylephrine is an alpha selective adrenergic agonist, used to ____ ____ _____ by causing vasoconstriction.

A

raise blood pressure

34
Q

__________ is a beta selective adrenergic agonist used to treat low cardiac output and prevent bronchospasm under anesthesia. This drug is going to produce an ______ heartrate, ________ + vasodilate.

A

-isoproterenol
-increased
-bronchodilate

35
Q

some adverse/ side effects of isoproterenol include:

A

-restlessness
-anxiety
-arrhythmia’s + tachycardia
-respiratory difficulty + cough

36
Q

Beta 1 receptors relax the smooth muscle, Beta 2 receptors relax the bronchi, Beta 3 receptors relax the ___________, when stimulated.

A

bladder

37
Q

Labetalol is used to treat hypertension by blocking ____ + _____ to lower BP without reflex tachycardia.

A

alpha + beta receptors

38
Q

if phentolamine is blocking alpha receptors to cause vasodilation to lower BP + increase HR, what kinds of things will it be used to treat? (2)

A

-hypertension associated w/ pheochromocytoma
-prevent necrosis associated with extravasation

39
Q

what medication is used to treat hypertension and BPH by reducing peripheral resistance?

A

doxazosin

40
Q

true/ false? —- if a drug is an agonist that means that it stimulates the receptor, if a drug is an antagonist, that means it is blocking the receptor.

A

true

41
Q

Renin is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidneys, to regulate blood pressure, fluid volume + sodium levels, if those receptors are blocked how is it going to effect blood pressure?

A

this is gong to bring blood pressure down.

42
Q

which medication blocks beta adrenergic receptors in the heart and juxtaglomerular apparatus to bring down BP, prevent reinfarction after MI, prevent migraines + manage situational anxiety?

A

propranolol

43
Q

when beta 1 is stimulated the smooth muscle of the heart is excited and the rate will be up, when Beta 1 is blocked this is decreasing excitability of the heart, cardiac output, and oxygen consumption. which medication is going to do this when used to treat angina, hypertension, MI and alcohol withdrawal?

A

Atenolol

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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