Metabolism - Endocrine medication for Diabetes

Question 1

Which drug is used as a thyroid replacement to treat hypothyroidism and “LEVel up your thyroid”

Answer 1

Levothyroxine

Question 2

Which drug is used to treat graves disease (hyperthyroidism) and thyroid cancer by destroying thyroid tissue + its ability to function “correctly”?

Answer 2

radioactive iodine

remember all the considerations + adverse effects for CHEMO.

Question 3

which drug “Prevents Thyroid from being Up” and what is its action?

Answer 3

Propylthiouracil (PTU) - this drug blocks iodine from being used to treat hyperthyroidism or used pre-thyroidectomy

Question 4

growth hormone is naturally secreted from the anterior pituitary gland, if you’re deficient, which drug will stimulate the release of insulin like growth factor to bring it back up?

Answer 4

Somatropin

Question 5

Antidiuretic hormone is naturally secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to increase reabsorption of water through the kidneys and decrease water output through the urine, Desmopressin (vasopressin) is given to do this, what is it used to treat?

Answer 5

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 6

What gland produces cortisol (which is a glucocorticoid) AKA the stress hormone?

Answer 6

the adrenal gland

Question 7

What is cortisol responsible for in the body? (4)

Answer 7

-diurnal rhythm
-fight or flight
-regulates the breakdown of protein/ fat into glucose
-it is anti-inflammatory

Question 8

HydrocortiSONE, predniSONE, methylpredniSONE, and dexamethaSONE are all in what drug class that replace cortisol when it’s inadequate?
G-zone

Answer 8

Glucocorticoids

don’t STOP abruptly

masks infection

calcium + vitamin D supplements

Question 9

Aldosterone is the primary mineralocorticoid, they are responsible for regulating:
1.
2.
3.
to conserve fluid, which will help BP increase

Answer 9

1. sodium
2. potassium
3. water

Question 10

Fludrocortisone is used to “FLUD your body with salt and water” when your low in what?

Answer 10

Aldosterone

Question 11

what cells produce insulin in the pancreas?

Answer 11

the islets of Langerhans

Question 12

Metformin is a BIGUANIDE that : (3)

Answer 12

1. decreases glucose absorption in the GI tract
2. decreases glucose production in the liver
3. increases sensitivity of insulin receptors

Question 13

Metformin can cause what kind of adverse taste in your mouth use of the drug?

Answer 13

Metallic Taste

Question 14

Glipizide and Glyburide “Gleefully come down the slide to bring down your blood sugar” by stimulating what to release more insulin?

Answer 14

The pancreas

Question 15

True or False?
Glipizide and Glyburide are sulfonylureas.

Question 16

When taking Sulfonylureas like Glipizide or Glyburide why do you have be careful “riding down the slide, in the sun?”

Answer 16

because this drug can cause photosensitivity and make your skin hypersensitive to the sun, so it’s important to wear sunscreen

Question 17

Meglitinides are drugs that stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas, these are drugs that need to be given 3x/ day with their meal, which 2 drugs are meGLitINIDES?

Answer 17

repaGLINIDE + nateGLINIDE

Question 18

Pioglitazone is in the drug class: Glitazones - they are decreasing insulin resistance and causing you to feel like you’re in a “pig zone”, which side effects are causing that?

Answer 18

fluid retention and edema

Question 19

Alpha glucosidase is an enzyme that breaks down carbs into glucose.
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors are inhibiting that, so these drugs are slowing the absorption of ______. This reduces the chance of a sudden spike in BG post - prandial, AKA ______.

Answer 19

-carbs
-after they eat

Question 20

when taking aCARBose or Miglitol it is important to take the drug with the first bite of food so that it is preceding the medication in the GI tract to reduce: (4)

Answer 20

-GI stress
-distention
-flatulence
-diarrhea and other GI upset

Question 21

what does the enzyme Dipeptidyl Peptidase do?

Answer 21

this enzyme inactivates Incretin

Question 22

Incretin is a hormone that is released in the GUT in response to eating food, what does it do to blood sugar?

Answer 22

-increase release of insulin
-decrease glucagon release

Question 23

SitaGLIPTIN, saxaGLIPTIN, + aloGLIPTIN are Gliptin drugs AKA DPP-4 inhinitors, so this means what hormone is being promoted to promote insulin release and decrease glucagon release that slows GI absorption in the GUT?

-TIN drugs promote ________.**

Answer 23

the hormone Incretin

Question 24

the -FLOZIN drugs (SGLT2 inhibitors) are _______.

“in frozen anna is the sweet sister, so Elsa is the protective older sister and protects her heart”

Answer 24

cardioprotective

Question 25

Since drugs like Canagliflozin, are cardioprotective, they are decreasing total blood volume along with decreasing reabsorption of glucose and increasing the excretion through urine, so it’s important to teach your patient to _________.

Answer 25

Hydrate

Question 26

BromocriptINE is a drug that will enhance dopamINE, which makes the blood glucose HAPPY and brings it down :)

When dopamine is increased this improves glucose tolerance + insulin sensitivity and decreases glucose production. But what kind of side effects result from this? (4)

Answer 26

-psychosis
-seizures
-cardiovascular events
-stroke

Question 27

Which hormone is secreted in the pancreas w/ insulin to slow gastric emptying, inhibit glucagon secretion, + increase the feeling of satiety?
how does this effect blood sugar?

Answer 27

Amylin; and it decreases postprandial blood glucose

Question 28

Pramlintide is _____ amylin.

“Amy-Lyn is taking her baby for a walk in her PRAM to bring her blood sugar down after dinner”

Answer 28

Mimicking

Question 29

Incretin is a hormone released in the gut when ingestion occurs. It slows gastric emptying, decreases glucagon secretion and increases the feeling of satiety, it also ………

Answer 29

stimulates insulin release to bring blood sugar down

Question 30

All the people on the
-TIDES, like LIRAGLUTIDE or semaglutide can’t wait to be at the beach in high and low TIDE.
Remember to give is SQ _______ eating your meals.

Answer 30

before

Question 31

Glucagon is used for severe hypoglycemic scenarios and has the opposite effect of insulin, what is happening in your body?

Answer 31

it causes the release of stored glucose (glycogen that the liver has stored) into the blood to bring BG back up