performance enhancers - lesson 11

Question 1

describe anabolic steroids

Answer 1

• increase muscle hypertrophy + muscular strength
• more power
• train longer + harder
• faster recovery from injury
• through muscle development + increased rate of muscle tissue repair

Question 2

who benefits from anabolic steroids?

Answer 2

• power + strength athletes

e. g. sprinters, weightlifters, throwers, baseball players

Question 3

what are the negative physiological effects of anabolic steroids?

Answer 3

• high blood pressure
• harmful levels of cholesterol
• increased risk of heart disease
• liver disease + dysfunction
• kidney disease
• abnormal menstruation + infertility
• atrophy of testicles
• breast atrophy, hypertrophy of the clitoris

Question 4

describe protein powders

Answer 4

• nutritional supplements
• help grow muscle tissue + repair muscle tissue
• assist in improving strength and power + training recovery
• unnecessary if adequate protein is in diet

Question 5

what are the negative physiological effects of protein powders?

Answer 5

• increased risk of osteoporosis
• increased risk of colonic cancers
• increased risk of impaired kidney function
• increased water retention

Question 6

describe stimulants

Answer 6

• increase CNS activity = improved reaction time, arousal, alertness, speed, anaerobic performance
• increase respiratory rate which improves delivery of O2 to working muscles
• suppresses neurotransmitters in the nervous system which masks fatigue + pain
• increased utilization of free fatty acids leads to glycogen sparing

Question 7

what are the negative physiological effects of stimulants?

Answer 7

• restlessness, insomnia
• addiction
• heart disease
• ineffective heat regulation and dehydration
• high blood pressure
• panic attacks

Question 8

describe caffeine as a stimulant

Answer 8

• increases metabolic rates promotes the utilization of fats for glycogen
• act as an analgesic which reduces the perception of effort = increasing time to exhaustion in short distance events
• stimulates CNS, increases alertness

Question 9

what are the negative physiological effects?

Answer 9

• diuretic = fluid loss = dehydration
• restlessness & irritability
• insomnia
• muscle twitching/shakes