Perdarahan Saluran Cerna Flashcards

1
Q

Apa batas saluran cerna bagian atas dan bawah?

A

Ligamentum Treitz

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2
Q

GIB tampak sebagai perdarahan apa saja?

A

Overt bleeding
Occult bleeding

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3
Q

Bagaimana manifestasi overt GIB?

A

Hematemesis
Vomitus coffee-grounds material
Melena
Hematochezia

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4
Q

Bagaimana manifestasi occult GIB?

A

Gejala anemia:
Pusing
Sinkop
Angina
Dispneu
ADB
Positive fecal occult blood test

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5
Q

Bagaimana klasifikasi GIB berdasarkan lokasinya?

A

UGIB: Esofagus, gaster, duodenum
LGIB: kolon, usus halus
Obscure GIB: tidak jelas lokasinya

Ingat batasnya Lig. Treitz

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6
Q

Apa saja penyebab UGIB?

A

Ulkus peptikum ~50%
Mallory-Weiss Tears ~2-10%
Varises esofagus ~2-40%
Penyakit erosif: Gastritis erosif dan duodenitis erosif ~10-15%, esofagitis erosif ~1-10%
Penyebab lain: Neoplasma, ektasia vaskular, dll

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7
Q

Apa saja penyebab LGIB?

A

Usus halus ~5-10%:
>40 tahun: ektasia vaskular, neoplasma, NSAID induksi erosi dan ulkus
<40 tahun: Penyakit Crohn, polyposis syndromes, neoplasma
Anak: Divertikulum Meckel

Kolon:
Hemoroid, fisura anal, divertikulosis, ekstasia vaskular, neoplasma, kolitis, dll.

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8
Q

Bagaimana tatalaksana pasien dengan melena/hematemesis aktif?

A
  • Endoskopi (dx & tx)
  • PPI bolus 80 mg IV diikuti drips 8 mg/jam IV (~200 mg/hari) selama 3 hari. Lalu, PPI 2x1 hari ke-4 sampai 14 diikuti PPI 1x1.
  • Diet cairan bening ~2 hari
  • Hospitalisasi 3 hari
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9
Q

Bagaimana tatalaksana pasien dengan varises esofagus?

A
  • Endoskopi ligasi
  • Obat vasoaktif: Octreotide bolus 50 ug IV diikuti drips 50 ug/jam IV selama 2-5 hari
  • Diet cairan bening ~2 hari
  • Hospitalisasi ~3-5 hari
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10
Q

Bagaimana tatalaksana pasien dengan varises esofagus?

A
  • Endoskopi ligasi
  • Obat vasoaktif: Octreotide bolus IV
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