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ObGyn > Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

Borders of the anterior abdominal wall x3

A

Superior: costal cartilages 7-12, xiphoid process
Inferior: pelvic bone and iliac crest
Lateral: mid axillary line

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2
Q

Layers of the abdominal wall x8

A

Skin
Superficial fascia
External oblique muscle
Internal oblique muscle
Transverse abdominis
Transversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum

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3
Q

Two types of superficial fascia and their contents

A

Campers - fatty layer
Scarpas - membranous

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4
Q

Superficial arterial supply x3 to the abdominal wall and which artery do they come from

A

They branch from the femoral artery
Superficial epigastric
Superficial circumflex iliac
Superficial external pudendal

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5
Q

State 5 deep arteries of the abdomen

A

Superior epigastric
Musculophrenic
Inferior epigastric
Deep circumflex artery
Branches of 10th and 11th intercostal arteries

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6
Q

Which 2 branches supply the deep upper abdominal wall and which artery do they come from

A

Superior epigastric
Musculophrenic
Branches of the internal thoracic artery

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7
Q

Which 2 branches supply the deep lower abdominal wall and which artery do they come from

A

Inferior epigastric
Deep circumflex iliac
Branches of the external iliac

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8
Q

State 3 veins which drain into the femoral vein

A

Superficial epigastric vein
Superficial external pudendal
Superficial circumflex iliac

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9
Q

Where does superior epigastric vein drain

A

Brachiocephalic vein

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10
Q

Which veins drain into the external iliac veins x2

A

Inferior epigastric vein
Deep circumflex iliac

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11
Q

State 3 lymph nodes that drain the abdominal wall

A

Axillary
Parasternal
Superficial inguinal

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12
Q

Nerve supply to the abdominal wall x4

A

Thoracoabdominal aka Lower intercostal T7-T11
Subcostal T12
Ilioinguinal L1
Iliohypogastric L1

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13
Q

Functions of the anterior abdominal wall x5

A
  1. Move trunk and maintain posture
  2. Stabilize the pelvis during movement
  3. Compress abdominal contents
  4. Protect abdominal viscera
  5. Maintain intraabdominal pressure
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14
Q

State 4 bones of the pelvic skeleton

A

2 hip bones
Sacrum
Coccyx

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15
Q

Name 3 bones make up the hip bone and the cartilage between them

A

Ilium
Pubic
Ischium
Triradiate cartilage

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16
Q

Name the 4 pelvic joints

A

Lumbosacral
Sacroiliac
Sacrococcygeal
Pubic symphysis

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17
Q

State 3 boundaries of the pelvic inlet

A

Ant- pubic symphysis
Post- promontory of sacrum
Lat- ileopectineal/arcuate lines

18
Q

4 borders of the pelvis outlet

A

Ant- pubic symphysis
Post- coccyx
Anterolat- ischiopubic ramus
Posterolat- sacrotuberous ligament

19
Q

3 boundaries of the greater pelvis

A

Ant- abdominal wall
Post- L5 and S1 vertebrae
Lat- iliac fossa

20
Q

What makes the inferior part of the lesser/true pelvis

A

Musculofascial pelvic diaphragm

21
Q

4 types of pelvises

A

Gynecoid
Android
Anthropoid
Platypelloid

22
Q

State and describe 4 pelvic measurements

A
  1. True conjugate- from promontory of sacrum to sup border pubic symphysis
  2. Obstetric conjugate- promontory to most bulging point of pubic symphysis
  3. Diagonal conjugate- promontory to inf border of pubic symphysis
  4. Sub pubic angle- between inferior rami of pubic bones
23
Q

State 4 pelvic muscles

A

Levator ani
Coccygeus
Piriformis
Obturator internus

24
Q

State 3 muscles making up the levator ani

A

Puborectalis
Ilicoccygeus
Pubococcygeus

25
Q

Where does the internal iliac artery arise and where it divides

A

Arises in front of sacroiliac joint
Divides into ant and post at upper border of greater sciatic foramen

26
Q

Arterial supply to the pelvis x4

A

Internal iliac artery
Median sacral
Superior rectal
Ovarian

27
Q

Vein draining the pelvis

A

Internal iliac vein

28
Q

Lymph nodes of the pelvis x3

A

Internal, external and common iliac nodes

29
Q

Nerve supply to the pelvis x3

A

Pudendal
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

30
Q

5 boundaries of the perineum

A

Ant- pubic symphysis
Post- tip of coccyx
Lat- inf pubic rami, inf ischial rami, sacrotuberous ligament
Sup- pelvic floor
Base- skin and fascia

31
Q

Name 2 triangles of the perineum and their position

A

Anterior urogenital triangle
Posterior anal triangle

32
Q

3 boundaries of the anterior urogenital triangle

A

Ant- pubic symphysis
Lat- ischiopubic ramus
Post- line joining the ischial tuberosities

33
Q

3 boundaries of the anal triangle

A

Ant- line joining the ischial tuberosities
Lat- sacrotuberous ligament
Post- tip of coccyx

34
Q

3 contents of the anal triangle

A

Anal aperture
Ischioanal fossa
External anal sphincter muscle

35
Q

Boundaries (2) of the deep perineal pouch

A

Sup- deep fascia of the pelvic floor
Inf- perineal membrane

36
Q

Contents(5) of the deep perineal pouch

A

Parts of urethra
External urethral sphincter
Bulbourethral glands
Vagina
Deep transverse perineal muscles in males

37
Q

2 boundaries of the superficial perineal pouch

A

Sup- perineal membrane
Inf- superficial perineal fascia

38
Q

Contents of the superficial perineal pouch x6

A

Penis
Clitoris
Batholin glands (F)
Ischiocarvenous muscle
Bulbocarvenous muscle
Superficial transverse perineal muscles

39
Q

Describe the 4 degrees of vaginal tearing

A

I - tear of the perineal skin
II- tear of the perineal muscles
III- anal sphincter complex
IIIa- <50% of EAS
IIIb- >50% of EAS
IIIc- both EAS and IAS
IV- all above plus rectal mucosa

40
Q

Indications of episiotomy x3

A
  1. Increased risk of third degree tear from previous history
  2. Breech delivery to obtain more space
  3. Fetal distress in second stage of labor
41
Q

State 5 ligaments of the pelvis

A

Sacrotuberous
Sacrospinous
Iliolumbar
Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral

42
Q

3 advantages of the Joel Cohen incision

A

Minimal blood loss
Good pain control
Cosmesis- skin covers the scar

ObGyn (34 decks)

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