Menstrual cycle

Question 1

Which 2 main glands regulate the menstrual cycle

Answer 1

Hypothalamus
Pituitary

Question 2

What phases does the ovarian cycle consist of x3

Answer 2

Follicular phase
Ovulation
Luteal phase

Question 3

State 3 phases of the uterine cycle

Answer 3

Proliferative
Secretory
Menstruation

Question 4

Function of zona pellucida

Answer 4

Arrest primary follicle at prophase 1of meiosis 1

Question 5

Which hormone stimulates theca cells and name the product hormone of stimulation

Answer 5

LH stimulates theca cells to secrete androstendione which is converted to estrogen by granulosa cell

Question 6

5 stages of follicular maturation

Answer 6

Primordial follicle
Primary follicle
Pre antral follicle
Early antral follicle
Dominant follicle

Question 7

State 2 hormones released by granulosa cell s and their effect on the cycle

Answer 7

Inhibin A and estradiol
Negative feedback loop resulting in suppression of FSH secretion

Question 8

Describe what is responsible for the LH surge x2

Answer 8

1. Increase in estradiol release by dominant follicle which causes
2. Increased responsiveness of ant pituitary gland to GnRH (from hypothalamus)

Question 9

State 3 effects of the LH surge

Answer 9

1. Luteinisation of granulosa and theca cells (to form corpus luteum)
2. Synthesis of progesterone
3. Stimulate resumption of meiosis

Question 10

Which substances lead to explosive release of oocyte x2

Answer 10

Prostaglandins
Proteolytic enzymes

Question 11

Which hormone maintains corpus luteum in cases of fertilization

Answer 11

Chorionic Gonadotropin hormone

Question 12

Which hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum x3 and their summative effect

Answer 12

Estrogen
Inhibin A
Progesterone
Inhibitory feedback on hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis

Question 13

Which hormone is responsible for proliferative phase and what produces it

Answer 13

Estrogen from growing follicles

Question 14

3 distinct layers of the endometrium before menstruation

Answer 14

Basalis
Stratum spongiosum
Stratum compactum

Question 15

Which hormone is responsible for secretory phase and what secretes it

Answer 15

Progesterone from corpus luteum

Question 16

Changes that occur to endometrium during secretory phase x4

Answer 16

1. Endometrial glands become tortuous
2. Spiral arteries grow fully into endometrium
3. Increased cervical mucus
4. Edematous stromal cells with glycogen rich secretions

Question 17

What is a normal menstrual cycle x5

Answer 17

Length of 28D, 3-5wks
Bleeding days 3-7
Volume <80mls
Absence of symptoms
Absence of hormonal contraceptives