Endometrial Cancer Flashcards
Endogenous risk factors of endometrial cancer x5
Obesity
PCOS
Nulliparity
Early menarche
Late menopause
Exogenous risk factors of endometrial cancer x3
Tamoxifen
Family history
Hormone replacement therapy
Protective factors against endometrial CA x4
COCs
Multiparity
Regular exercise
Progesterone only pills
5 variants of endometrial cancer
Endometrial adenocarcinoma
Serous carcinoma
Clear cell carcinoma
Mucinous carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
5 characteristics of the type 1 endometrial Ca
Caused by unopposed estrogen
Estrogen dependent
Responsive to progesterone
Slow growing
More superficial
State 2 genes involved in type 1 EC
KRAS oncogene
PTEN tumor suppressor gene
5 characteristics of type 2 EC
Estrogen independent
Fast growing
Deep invasion
No unopposed estrogen
High grade
State 2 type 2 ECs and the associated gene mutation
Serous carcinoma
Clear cell carcinoma
P53 tumor suppressor gene
What is stage 2 of EC
Cervical stromal invasion
4 primary routes of spread of endometrial Ca
Direct
Lymphatic
Transtubal
Hematogenous
Transtubal spread goes to x3
Ovaries
Omentum
Parietal peritoneum
Presentation in pre/peri menopausal women x2
Intermenstrual spotting
Heavy menstrual bleeding
Presentation in regional extension x5
Pelvic mass
Pressure symptoms
Vaginal mass
Abdominal distension
Cervical abnormalities
Most common cause of bleeding in postmenopausal women and how its ruled out
Genitourinary atrophy
Transvaginal USS
Investigations of EC x5
CA125
Endometrial biopsy
Transvaginal USS
Pelvis USS
USS guided dilation and curettage
