Ovarian cancer Flashcards
Protective factors of ovarian ca x5
Oral contraceptive
Breastfeeding
Multiparous
Hysterectomy
BTL
Risk factors of ovarian cancer x5
Hx of breast Ca
Early menarche
Late menopause
Nulliparous
Fam hx of breast ca, colorectal ca
Presentation of ovarian ca x5
Irregular menstruation
Postmenopausal bleeding
Dyspareunia
Pressure symptoms
Abdominal pain and distention
4 types of epithelial tumors
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma
Clear cell carcinoma
4 types of germ cell tumors and line of origin
- Dysgerminoma - undifferentiated germ cell
- Choriocarcinoma - extraembryonic line
- Immature teratoma - embryonic line
- Yolk sac tumors - extraembryonic line
Markers for gem cell tumors x4
HCG
AFP
Lactate dehydrogenase
PLAP- Placenta alkaline phosphatase
Markers for stromal/sex cord tumors x4
Estradiol
Testosterone
Inhibin A&B
Anti mullerian hormone
Effect of granulosa theca cell tumors on age extremities x2
Precocious puberty Postmenopausal bleeding
Indication of unilateral oophorectomy in granulosa theca cell tumor
Young women with stage 1a
Histology cells of krukenberg tumor
Signet ring cells
2 common sources of secondary ovarian tumors
Breast
GIT
Methods of spread of ovarian tumors x3
Peritoneal dissemination
Lymphatic spread
Hematogenous spread
Areas of ovarian seeding x5
Omentum
Mesentery
Liver surface
Hemidiaphragm
Paracolic gutters
Tumor markers for dysgerminoma x2
LDH
Placenta alkaline phosphatase
M rules x5
Ascites
Irregular solid tumor
At least 4 papillary structures
High color content
Irregular multilocular solid tumor <100mm
