Pelvic Limb 4 Flashcards
In the rmt, what two muscles have tendons that give off extensor branches in the distal limb?
Medial tendon of LoDE/CDE & lateral digital extensor tendon
What animal has more muscle fiber in the interosseus and what happens as the animal ages?
Rmt; muscle fiber decreases as the animal ages
Where do the extensor branches of the suspensory ligament of digit 3 insert in the rmt?
medial digital extensor tendon
Where do the extensor branches of the suspensory ligament of digit 4 insert in the rmt?
lateral digital extendor tendon
What joints of the distal rmt limb communicate?
Fetlock –> fetlock
Coffin and pastern joints do not communicate with the same joint on the opposite digit
At what point do the suspensory ligaments give off their axial and abaxial extensor branches?
Prior to insertion on the proximal sesamoids
What two sesamoidean ligaments are absent in the rmt?
straight and short sesamoidean ligaments
How many oblique sesamoidean ligaments does the rmt have per digit?
1
Of the two interdigital ligaments, which one is smaller?
proximal
Where are the cruciate sesamoidean ligaments located in the rmt?
On either side of the medial interdigital phalangosesamoidean ligament
Where is the proximal interdigital ligament located in the rmt?
Just distal to the medial interdigital phalangosesamoidean ligament
Where is the distal interdigital ligament located/where does it insert?
Inserts on P2 and P3 - distalmost ligament
What is the relationship bt the SDF tendon, the DDF tendon, and the connecting branch of the suspensory ligament?
SDF tendon and connecting branches meet at the fetlock, forming a cuff through which the DDF tendon can freely pass (cuff completely surrounds the DDF tendon).
What is the deepest soft tissue structure in the distal limb?
Tendon of the suspensory ligament
What ligaments hold the DDF and SDF in place?
annular palmar/plantar ligaments
How many extensor retinacula do the horse and rmt have in the hock?
Horse = 3 (proximal, middle, distal)
Rmt = 2 (proximal, distal)
Only the horse has the middle retinaculum
What maintains flexion and extension as the only range of movement in the hock?
Lateral and medial collateral ligaments
Where is the origin and insertion of the long plantar ligament?
O: calcaneus
I: 4th MT and part of 3rd MT
What is the presumed function of the long plantar ligament?
It is thought to help counteract effects of gastrocnemius tendon insertion - helps to stabilize the hock
Why are the synovial tendon sheaths overlying the lateral digital extensor and long digital extensor tendons at the hock clinically relevant?
They can become inflamed due to trauma or other reasons
What other tendon does the lateral digital extensor tendon fuse with at the hock?
long digital extensor
What joint of the hock is responsible for the majority of flexion and extension?
tarsocrural joint
What are the 4 joints of the hock?
- Tarsocrural (distal tibia + talus)
- Proximal intertarsal (talus + central tarsal bones)
- Distal intertarsal (middle tarsal bones + distal tarsal bones)
- Tarsometatarsal (3rd tarsal bone + 3rd MT)
What does the proximal intertarsal joint communicate with?
Tarsocrural joint sac
What does the distal intertarsal joint communicate with?
Rarely with the proximal intertarsal joint and sometimes with the tarsometatarsal sac
How many injections are needed to treat the hock?
3:
- Tarsocrural –> proximal intertarsal
- Distal intertarsal
- Tarsometatarsal
Which joint pouch of the hock is the largest and what are some characteristics of it?
dorsomedial; is palpable and is used to access the joint