LA Pelvic Cavity Flashcards
What makes up the pelvic girdle?
Both sides of the os coxae
What is the purpose of the pelvic girdle?
Connection between limb and trunk
What are the bones of the pelvic symphysis?
Pubis + Ischium
What skeleton is the pelvis a part of?
appendicular
Why must guinea pigs be bred before 6 months of age?
Their pelvic symphysis has not yet fused; if they have babies after it fuses they will need a C-section
What makes up the boney pelvis?
pelvic girdle, sacrum, and first 3-4 caudal vertebrae
What is the body of the pelvis?
parts of the ilium, ischium, and pubis that are closest to the acetabulum
How is the iliac crest of the LA different from the dog’s?
LA = concave dog = convex
Which tuberosities of the pevis are palpable in the LA?
tuber coxae and ischial tuberosity
Why is the ischial arch important in pregnant animals (horse and cow)?
Horse = flatter ischial arch, "explosive" birth Cow = very curved, need to pull calf up, over the arch, and then down
How would you diagnose a coxofemoral luxation?
The greater trochanter is displaced craniodorsally between the ischiatic tuber (pin bone) and the tuber coxae (hook bone).
What is another name for the tuber coxae?
hook bone
What is another name for the ischiatic tuber?
pin bone
What muscle attaches to the iliopubic eminence?
pectineus m.
What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?
synovial
What makes up the median sacral crest?
fused sacral bones (spinous processes and vertebral bodies)
How many sacral vertebra does a carnivore have?
3
How many sacral vertebra does a pig have?
4
How many sacral vertebra does a sheep have?
4
How many sacral vertebra does a horse have?
5
How many sacral vertebra does a cow have?
5
How many sacral vertebra does a goat have?
5
What is special about the sacral foramina of the pig?
Nothing comes out of them
What is special about the sacrum of the pig?
There are no large spinous processes
What is special about the sacrum of the horse?
The vertebrae do not usually fuse so it rarely has a median sacral crest
What are the 3 attachments of the broad sacrotuberous ligament?
- sacral tuber (cranially)
- tuber ischii (caudally)
- sciatic spine (ventrolaterally)
What muscle originates from the ischiatic spine?
deep gluteal
What is another name for the pelvic inlet?
terminal line
Which animal has a more narrow pelvic inlet than outlet?
Carnivore; all others have a more narrow pelvic outlet than inlet
What is the ventral border of the pelvic outlet?
ischiatic arch and tuberosity
What is the dorsal border of the pelvic outlet?
3rd and 4th caudal vertebrae
What is the lateral border of the pelvic outlet?
broad sacrotuberous ligament
Where is the origin and insertion of the iliacus?
O: pelvis
I: lesser trochanter
Where does the psoas major insert?
lesser trochanter
Where does the external obturator insert?
lesser trochanter
What is special about the levator ani?
no vertebral attachment
What species do not have an internal obturator muscle?
ox and pig
What are the two major muscles of the ischiorectal fossa?
coccygeus and levator ani
Where does the levator ani attach?
dorsal to the anus
What is the ischiorectal fossa?
space between the ischium and rectum
What are two examples of things that can prolapse?
uterus and rectum
What two nerves are used for standing, and which one is necessary?
femoral (necessary) and sciatic
What are the nerves called (collectively) that come out of the sacral foramina?
sacral plexus
What nerve do you block to put the uterus back in?
pudendal
What nerve gets highjacked by the pudendal nerve?
caudal cutaneous femoral nerve
What nerve do you need for birthing?
obturator
What are the two branches of the pudendal nerve that supply to the skin?
distal cutaneous branch and proximal cutaneous branch
In the OX, what passes through the greater sciatic foramen?
sciatic n.,
cranial gluteal a. and v.,
caudal gluteal n.
In the OX, what passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
caudal gluteal a. and v.
In the OX, what passes through the broad sacrotuberous ligament at its caudoventral portion?
proximal cutaneous branch of pudendal nerve
What muscles are supplied by the cranial gluteal a., v., and n.?
tensor fascia latae middle gluteal accessory gluteal piriformis deep gluteal
What two nerves innervate the gluteobiceps?
caudal gluteal –> superficial gluteal m.
sciatic nerve –> biceps femoris
What animals do not have a prominent ischiorectal fossa?
pig and horse
What passes through the greater ischiatic foramen in the HORSE?
sciatic n.
caudal cutaneous femoral n.
caudal gluteal n.
What species has a short internal iliac artery?
dog and horse
What species has a short internal pudendal artery?
ox
What species has a long internal pudendal artery?
horse
What species has a long internal iliac artery?
ox
What are the two main branches of the internal iliac artery?
internal pudendal
caudal gluteal
What are the two branches of the internal pudendal artery in the dog?
middle gluteal
vaginal/prostatic
Where does the vaginal/prostatic artery branch from in the ruminant and pig?
internal iliac
Where does the vaginal/prostatic artery branch from in the horse?
internal pudendal
What gives off the umbilical artery in the horse?
internal pudendal
What gives off the umbilical artery in the dog?
internal iliac
What gives off the cranial gluteal arteries in the ruminant and pig?
internal iliac
