Pediatrics

Question 1

Q. Failure of fusion of what vertebral processes causes spina bifida ( protrusion of spinal cord and meninges ) ?

Answer 1

Fusion or vertebral arches

Question 2

Q.name the complications ass. With clef palate?

Answer 2

Feeding problems/ speech pathology / recurrent infection

Question 3

Q. What’s the main treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia?

Answer 3

Phototherapy

Question 4

Q. Whats the gene problem with Duchenne muscle dystrophy and where is it located?

Answer 4

It’s a X-linked disease/ mutation of gene coding for plasma membrane protein for muscle fiber ( mutation of the gene responsible for the production of dystrophin )

Question 5

A. What’s the most common type of muscle dystrophy?

Answer 5

Duchenne dystrophy (in children)

Question 6

A. When Duchenne muscular dystrophy will start to have symptoms?

Answer 6

Rarely after birth ( maybe the first sign is poor head control )but before the age of 5 years

Question 7

The……….sign is characteristic for duchenne dystrophy also what happens to the calves?

Answer 7

Gower ( حركة العجائز ) + calves hypertrophy + leg pain

Question 8

Q.what’s the TOC for absence epilepsy?

Answer 8

Ethosuximide, other treatment options are valproic acid, lamotrigine

Question 9

A. What is methylphenidate is used for?

Answer 9

It’s used for the ttt of attention deficit hyperactivity & narcolepsy

Question 10

Q. A baby is seeing having episodes of sudden flexion of the arms, forward flexion of head and trunk with leg extension, lasting few seconds. What’s this condition called?

Answer 10

Infantile spasm occurs in babies <5 years after that they’ll be replaced by other type of seizures, usually is ass. With developmental defects

Question 11

Q. Child with posterior fossa mass on CT. Is having gait disturbance + incoordination + alterations in eye movement +/- hearing loss and dizziness. The mass can block the CSF drainage causing accumulation of the fluid in the brain ( ventricles) ➡️ ventricle enlargement = hydrocephalus. ( headache, vomiting, lethargy , difficulty tuning the eyes upward) What’s the type of lesion?

Answer 11

Medullobllastoma

Question 12

Q. A radiologic evaluation of the cervical spine shows Air-fluid level in sphenoid sinus. Where is the fracture location?

Answer 12

Basilar skull fracture

Question 13

Q. When does a baby reaches the triple of its birth weight?

Answer 13

At 12 months of age

Question 14

Q. At the age of 2, a child is expected to reach how much % of his/her adult weight?

Answer 14

20%

Question 15

Q.At what age a child can name the alphabet and dress without help ?

Answer 15

At 5 years

Question 16

Q. Name the 3 organisms that can cause purulent meningitis in baby b/w 3-18 months?

Answer 16

H.influenza / N.meningiditis / S.pneumonia

Question 17

Q. a CT scan of a child shows calcified mass above sella turcica.
a biopsy was takes which shows a tooth like tissue. the child is complaining of visual abnormalities and the case is most likely ass. with diabetes insipidus…what’s the cause?

Answer 17

Craniopharyngioma ( benign tumor )