Pediatric Nutrition

Question 1

What is the most clinically useful way to look at FTT

Answer 1

Percentage of child’s median weight for age

Question 2

Mild undernutrition

Answer 2

76-90%. Children are in no immediate danger and may be safely observed over time

Question 3

Moderate undernutrition

Answer 3

61-75%. Warrant immediate evaluation and intervention with close follow-up in an outpatient setting

Question 4

Severe undernutrition

Answer 4

<61%. May require hospitalization for evaluation and nutritional support

Question 5

nonorganic causes of malnutrition resulting in FTT

Answer 5

inadequate nutrition from an environmental issue such as poverty, inexperienced parents, abuse or neglect, or poor bonding between infant and parent

Question 6

Causes of organic malnutrition resulting in FTT

Answer 6

causes include malabsorption, metabolic disease, cardiac or pulmonary disease, malignancy, chronic or acute infection, endocrine disturbances

Question 7

How many ounces of formula should a baby be getting per day?

Answer 7

6 oz/kg

Question 8

During the first year of life, how many calories does an infant need?

Answer 8

120 kcal/kg/day

Question 9

When should solid foods and be added to diet?

Answer 9

solid foods around 4-6 months beginning w/rice cereal (requires proper head control/swallowing).

Question 10

When should vegetable baby foods be introduced to diet?

Answer 10

around 6 months

Question 11

What is the most common cause of infantile hyponatremia?

Answer 11

water intoxication

Question 12

When can an infant be switched to cow’s milk?

Answer 12

1 yr

Question 13

Why is adding rice cereal to formula or breast milk contraindicated in FTT patient?

Answer 13

actually decreases its nutritional value

Question 14

One of the most common diagnoses in early childhood

Answer 14

FTT- 30% of children presenting to ED for unrelated complaints

Question 15

Absolute CI to breastfeeding

Answer 15

Maternal HIV/Hep B/TB/CMV, chemo, infant w/galactosemia

Question 16

Medications that are CI for breastfeeding

Answer 16

neuroleptics, antidepressants, some abx, hyper/hypothroid meds

Question 17

What suggest inadequate milk intake and supply in the first weeks of life?

Answer 17

failure to pass several stools a day

Question 18

Prime indicator for true milk intolerance

Answer 18

bloody stool. nearly always associated with eczema

Question 19

Maximum amount of cow’s milk per day after one year of age

Answer 19

16-24 oz

Question 20

Characterized by severe and paroxysmal crying that occurs mainly in the late afternoon for more than 3 hours a day, for more than 3 days a week, and for more than 3 weeks

Answer 20

Colic

Question 21

Timing of colic

Answer 21

begins in first few weeks of life, then peaks at about 2-3 months and then goes away by 4-5 months

Question 22

Tx for colic

Answer 22

zantac/prevacid, simethicone drops, eliminate cow’s milk from mother’s diet