Pediatric Nutrition Flashcards
What is the most clinically useful way to look at FTT
Percentage of child’s median weight for age
Mild undernutrition
76-90%. Children are in no immediate danger and may be safely observed over time
Moderate undernutrition
61-75%. Warrant immediate evaluation and intervention with close follow-up in an outpatient setting
Severe undernutrition
<61%. May require hospitalization for evaluation and nutritional support
nonorganic causes of malnutrition resulting in FTT
inadequate nutrition from an environmental issue such as poverty, inexperienced parents, abuse or neglect, or poor bonding between infant and parent
Causes of organic malnutrition resulting in FTT
causes include malabsorption, metabolic disease, cardiac or pulmonary disease, malignancy, chronic or acute infection, endocrine disturbances
How many ounces of formula should a baby be getting per day?
6 oz/kg
During the first year of life, how many calories does an infant need?
120 kcal/kg/day
When should solid foods and be added to diet?
solid foods around 4-6 months beginning w/rice cereal (requires proper head control/swallowing).
When should vegetable baby foods be introduced to diet?
around 6 months
What is the most common cause of infantile hyponatremia?
water intoxication
When can an infant be switched to cow’s milk?
1 yr
Why is adding rice cereal to formula or breast milk contraindicated in FTT patient?
actually decreases its nutritional value
One of the most common diagnoses in early childhood
FTT- 30% of children presenting to ED for unrelated complaints
Absolute CI to breastfeeding
Maternal HIV/Hep B/TB/CMV, chemo, infant w/galactosemia
Medications that are CI for breastfeeding
neuroleptics, antidepressants, some abx, hyper/hypothroid meds
What suggest inadequate milk intake and supply in the first weeks of life?
failure to pass several stools a day
Prime indicator for true milk intolerance
bloody stool. nearly always associated with eczema
Maximum amount of cow’s milk per day after one year of age
16-24 oz
Characterized by severe and paroxysmal crying that occurs mainly in the late afternoon for more than 3 hours a day, for more than 3 days a week, and for more than 3 weeks
Colic
Timing of colic
begins in first few weeks of life, then peaks at about 2-3 months and then goes away by 4-5 months
Tx for colic
zantac/prevacid, simethicone drops, eliminate cow’s milk from mother’s diet
