Immunizations Flashcards
One of the most cost-effective health interventions
immunizations
Infant deaths worldwide due to lack of vaccinations
2 million annually
Number of children worldwide who aren’t fully immunized
34 million (most in south asia)
Preservative that has been used in vaccines that is an organomercury compound argued by anti-vaccinationists to cause autism
Thimerosol
What might be the actual reason for the increase in autism?
greater awareness of autism among parents and professionals, together with a widening concept of autism
Type of immunization that involves ANTIGEN ADMINISTRATION (either live, killed, or derivative of a microorganism) or a toxoid.
active
benefits of active immunity
provides long term immunity
When is meaningful immunity achieved for active immunizations?
2 to 4 weeks after vaccination.
Name the four common live viruses
MMR, Varicella, Zoster, Nasal-Spray Flu vaccine
Type of immunization that involves administration of preformed ANTIBODY (such as immunoglobulin)
Passive
Advantage and disadvantage of passive immunizations
results in immediate protective immunity, but the immunity is short-term (3-6 months)
Given within 12 hrs of birth to babies born to HBsAG+ mother
Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)
administered to children who are at risk for severe RSV
Palivizumab (Synagis)
Any suspension containing antigenic molecules derived from a microorganism, given to stimulate an immune response to an infectious disease.
Vaccine
Key point to remember if you are administering more than one live vaccine
they should either be done on same day at different injection sites or 4 weeks apart
Although vaccines are extremely safe, what might be common side effects?
fever, local rxns at injection sites, serum sickness-like reaction
Type of vaccines that should be avoided during pregnancy or in adults who are immunocompromised
all live virus vaccines
Vaccine that should be avoided in pt who has anaphylactic rxn to neomycin or streptomycin
MMR- it contains neomycin
Vaccines that are prepared in embryonated chicken eggs and should be avoided in pts with h/o of anaphylaxis to eggs
measles, mumps, influenza, yellow fever
T/F With exception to allergies to neomycin, streptomycin, or polymyxin B, allergies to antibiotics are NOT a contraindication to vaccine administration
true
T/F Vaccines are contraindicated in patient’s with mild respiratory, intestional, or flu-like illness, low grade fever or h/o of a recent illness
false- common misconception
T/F History of seizures is a contraindication to vaccine administration
false-common misconception
When is pregnancy in a household contact a contraindication for administration of the varicella vaccine?
ONLY when the pregnant woman is not immune to varicella
Is breast-feeding a contraindication to vaccine administration?
no
What vaccines should a person with a severely immunocomprommised household contact not receive?
varicella or zoster vaccines
When is the interval between immunization doses important?
when it comes to minimum spacing. A series does not have to be restarted if it has been a significant amount of time greater than the recommended time interval
leading cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide and a principal cause of sepsis and meningitis particularly in children < 2yrs
Streptococcus Pneumonia
Recommended for all patients >= to 65yo or pts w/COPD, cardiovascular disease, DM between 2-64
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23)
Recommended for all children annually aged 6 mos to 18 yrs and close contacts of all children 0-59 mos.
flu shot
How many doses of the flu shot are required for children aged 6 months to 8 years who are receiving it for the first time?
2 doses separated by at least 4 weeks
the single most important viral cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide
rotavirus
Covers 4 types of HPV, two of which account for approx 70% of cervical cancers (types 16 and 18) as well as two that cause about 80% of genital warts (types 6 and 11).
Gardasil
Recommended age groups for HPV vaccines
males and females age 9-26 yrs
Starting at age 9, schedule is 0, 2, 6 months. Third dose should follow the first dose by at least 24 weeks
HPV vaccination
post exposure prophylaxis for rabies
HRIG (Rabies human immunoglobulin) instilled into the wound and rabies vaccine
Schedule for the rabies vaccine
0, 3, 7, 14, 28 days
Combo of vaccines in Pediarix
DTap + Hep B + IPV
Combo of vaccines in Twinrix
HepA + Hep B
Combo of vaccines in Comvax
Hib + Hep B
Combo of vaccines in Proquad
MMRV
Vaccine required at birth
Hep B
Vaccines needed at 6 weeks and 4 months
PCV13, Hib, IPV, DTaP, Hep B, Rotavirus
Vaccines needed at 6 months
PCV13, Hib, IPV, DTaP, Rotavirus , Influenza
Vaccines needed at 12 months
PCV13, Hib, HepA
Vaccines needed at 15 months
DTaP , MMR, Varicella
Vaccine needed at 18-24 months
HepA
Vaccines needed at 4-6 years
DTaP, IPV, MMR, Varicella
Vaccines needed at 12 years
Tdap (booster), HPV, Meningococcal
Vaccine booster needed at 16-18 yrs
Meningococcal
Serious adverse reaction to rotavirus
intusseception
