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Pediatrics > Immunizations > Flashcards

Immunizations Flashcards

1
Q

One of the most cost-effective health interventions

A

immunizations

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2
Q

Infant deaths worldwide due to lack of vaccinations

A

2 million annually

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3
Q

Number of children worldwide who aren’t fully immunized

A

34 million (most in south asia)

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4
Q

Preservative that has been used in vaccines that is an organomercury compound argued by anti-vaccinationists to cause autism

A

Thimerosol

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5
Q

What might be the actual reason for the increase in autism?

A

greater awareness of autism among parents and professionals, together with a widening concept of autism

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6
Q

Type of immunization that involves ANTIGEN ADMINISTRATION (either live, killed, or derivative of a microorganism) or a toxoid.

A

active

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7
Q

benefits of active immunity

A

provides long term immunity

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8
Q

When is meaningful immunity achieved for active immunizations?

A

2 to 4 weeks after vaccination.

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9
Q

Name the four common live viruses

A

MMR, Varicella, Zoster, Nasal-Spray Flu vaccine

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10
Q

Type of immunization that involves administration of preformed ANTIBODY (such as immunoglobulin)

A

Passive

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11
Q

Advantage and disadvantage of passive immunizations

A

results in immediate protective immunity, but the immunity is short-term (3-6 months)

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12
Q

Given within 12 hrs of birth to babies born to HBsAG+ mother

A

Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)

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13
Q

administered to children who are at risk for severe RSV

A

Palivizumab (Synagis)

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14
Q

Any suspension containing antigenic molecules derived from a microorganism, given to stimulate an immune response to an infectious disease.

A

Vaccine

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15
Q

Key point to remember if you are administering more than one live vaccine

A

they should either be done on same day at different injection sites or 4 weeks apart

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16
Q

Although vaccines are extremely safe, what might be common side effects?

A

fever, local rxns at injection sites, serum sickness-like reaction

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17
Q

Type of vaccines that should be avoided during pregnancy or in adults who are immunocompromised

A

all live virus vaccines

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18
Q

Vaccine that should be avoided in pt who has anaphylactic rxn to neomycin or streptomycin

A

MMR- it contains neomycin

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19
Q

Vaccines that are prepared in embryonated chicken eggs and should be avoided in pts with h/o of anaphylaxis to eggs

A

measles, mumps, influenza, yellow fever

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20
Q

T/F With exception to allergies to neomycin, streptomycin, or polymyxin B, allergies to antibiotics are NOT a contraindication to vaccine administration

A

true

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21
Q

T/F Vaccines are contraindicated in patient’s with mild respiratory, intestional, or flu-like illness, low grade fever or h/o of a recent illness

A

false- common misconception

22
Q

T/F History of seizures is a contraindication to vaccine administration

A

false-common misconception

23
Q

When is pregnancy in a household contact a contraindication for administration of the varicella vaccine?

A

ONLY when the pregnant woman is not immune to varicella

24
Q

Is breast-feeding a contraindication to vaccine administration?

A

no

25
Q

What vaccines should a person with a severely immunocomprommised household contact not receive?

A

varicella or zoster vaccines

26
Q

When is the interval between immunization doses important?

A

when it comes to minimum spacing. A series does not have to be restarted if it has been a significant amount of time greater than the recommended time interval

27
Q

leading cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide and a principal cause of sepsis and meningitis particularly in children < 2yrs

A

Streptococcus Pneumonia

28
Q

Recommended for all patients >= to 65yo or pts w/COPD, cardiovascular disease, DM between 2-64

A

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV23)

29
Q

Recommended for all children annually aged 6 mos to 18 yrs and close contacts of all children 0-59 mos.

A

flu shot

30
Q

How many doses of the flu shot are required for children aged 6 months to 8 years who are receiving it for the first time?

A

2 doses separated by at least 4 weeks

31
Q

the single most important viral cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide

A

rotavirus

32
Q

Covers 4 types of HPV, two of which account for approx 70% of cervical cancers (types 16 and 18) as well as two that cause about 80% of genital warts (types 6 and 11).

A

Gardasil

33
Q

Recommended age groups for HPV vaccines

A

males and females age 9-26 yrs

34
Q

Starting at age 9, schedule is 0, 2, 6 months. Third dose should follow the first dose by at least 24 weeks

A

HPV vaccination

35
Q

post exposure prophylaxis for rabies

A

HRIG (Rabies human immunoglobulin) instilled into the wound and rabies vaccine

36
Q

Schedule for the rabies vaccine

A

0, 3, 7, 14, 28 days

37
Q

Combo of vaccines in Pediarix

A

DTap + Hep B + IPV

38
Q

Combo of vaccines in Twinrix

A

HepA + Hep B

39
Q

Combo of vaccines in Comvax

A

Hib + Hep B

40
Q

Combo of vaccines in Proquad

A

MMRV

41
Q

Vaccine required at birth

A

Hep B

42
Q

Vaccines needed at 6 weeks and 4 months

A

PCV13, Hib, IPV, DTaP, Hep B, Rotavirus

43
Q

Vaccines needed at 6 months

A

PCV13, Hib, IPV, DTaP, Rotavirus , Influenza

44
Q

Vaccines needed at 12 months

A

PCV13, Hib, HepA

45
Q

Vaccines needed at 15 months

A

DTaP , MMR, Varicella

46
Q

Vaccine needed at 18-24 months

A

HepA

47
Q

Vaccines needed at 4-6 years

A

DTaP, IPV, MMR, Varicella

48
Q

Vaccines needed at 12 years

A

Tdap (booster), HPV, Meningococcal

49
Q

Vaccine booster needed at 16-18 yrs

A

Meningococcal

50
Q

Serious adverse reaction to rotavirus

A

intusseception

Pediatrics (21 decks)

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