Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatrics > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

Work in progress-cards soley from Nelson's

1
Q

Most common childhood cancers

A

leukemia or lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Peak incidence of embryonal tumors (neuroblastomas and retinoblastomas)

A

first 2 years of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Peak incidence of ALL

A

2-5 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Common symptoms for T-cell ALL and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

lymphadenopathy and organomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

General differences between malignant and infectious/inflammatory masses

A

malignant masses are firm, fixed, nontender. infectious/inflammory masses are softer, mobile, tender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Common metabolic emergency often seen in treatment of leukemia and lymphoma where large amounts of phosphate, potassium, and uric acid are released from lysed cells

A

tumor lysis syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define adjuvant therapy

A

chemotherapy administration after removal of the primary tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Protein kinase inhibitor that targets the effects of the t(9;22) translocation of chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia

A

Imatinib mesylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Common extramedullary site for ALL

A

testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clinical presentation includes: older males (8-10), high WBC count, mediastinal masses, cervical lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, CNS involvement

A

T-cell ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Characterized by immature blast cells, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and low/nml/high WBC count

A

acute leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is treatment of AML different than ALL?

A

nonmyelosuppressive drugs are not effective for AML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Classification of low risk in ALL

A

1-9 yrs old, initial WBC count < 50,000, and favorable cytogenics t(12;21) translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Overall cure rate for childhood ALL and AML

A

ALL-80%. AML-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do the following have in common: small noncleaved cell (Burkitt), lymphoblastic, and large cell?

A

histologic subtypes of NHL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Type of lymphoma that is diffuse, highly malignant, and shows little differentiation

A

NHL

17
Q

Most common clinical presentation of Hodgkin disease

A

painless, firm lymphadenopathy confined to one or two lymph node areas (usually supraclavicular and cervical)

18
Q

Type of lymphoma characterized by high fever, drenching night sweats, unintentional weight loss

A

Burkitt’s (B cell)

19
Q

Primary sites for lymphoblastic NHL (T cell)

A

mediastinum and cervical nodes

20
Q

Pathologic hallmark of Hodgkin disease

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

21
Q

Prognosis for Hodgkin disease and NHL

A

hodgkin-90% 5 yr survival. NHL-70-90% 3 yr survival

22
Q

Difference between brain tumors in children and adults

A

Children- primary tumors that originate in CNS. Adults- high grade astrocytomas or secondary tumors that are metastases from other carcinomas

23
Q

Most common solid tumors in children

A

CNS tumors

24
Q

Symptoms of increased ICP

A

lethargy, HA, vomiting, inability to abduct the eye (CN VI palsy)

25
Q

Examination technique of choice for CNS tumor

A

MRI

26
Q

Administered immediately to reduce tumor associated edema

A

dexamethasone

27
Q

5 yr overall survival rate for CNS tumors

A

50% due to high curability of cerebellar astrocytomas and medulloblastomas. Poor prognoses for gliomas and glioblastomas

28
Q

Derived from the neural crest cells that form the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system

A

neuroblastoma

29
Q

Most common presentation for neuroblastoma

A

abdominal pain or mass

30
Q

Associated symptoms include: paraneoplastic syndromes-secretory diarrhea, profuse sweating, opsomyoclonus (dancing eyes and dancing feet), and periobital ecchymoses

A

neuroblastoma

31
Q

Percentage of neuroblastomas that produce catecholamines that can be detected in the urine

A

90%

32
Q

Prognosis for neuroblastomas

A

Patients under 1 yr have better prognosis than older patients

33
Q

Most common malignant renal tumor of childhood

A

Wilms Tumor

34
Q

Clinical presentation includes abdominal mass, abdominal pain, fever, HTN, hematuria

A

Wilms Tumor

35
Q

Tx for Wilms tumor

A

nephrectomy followed by adjuvant chemo

36
Q

Cure rate for patients with Wilms tumor

A

localized-85%. pulmonary metastases-70-80%

Pediatrics (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions