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Pediatrics > Infectious Disease I > Flashcards

Infectious Disease I Flashcards

1
Q

Peak incidence of otitis media

A

6-36 months

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2
Q

Most common bugs of otitis media

A

s. pneumo, h.flu, m. cat

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3
Q

First line therapy for otitis media

A

amoxicillin

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4
Q

Treatment of otitis media if failure of first line

A

Augmentin

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5
Q

Complications of otitis media

A

mastoiditis, venous sinus thrombosis, brain abscess

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6
Q

Key points regarding the effect of abx when treating otitis media

A

Abx decrease duration of infection but do NOT decrease incidence of complications

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7
Q

Main bacteria with otitis externa

A

pseudomonas, s. aureus, proteus

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8
Q

Sx include: Otalgia, Pain at tragus or when auricle is pulled!!!!! Pruritis, Discharge, Hearing loss

A

otitis externa

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9
Q

PE findings include: Edematous and erythematous ear canal. May see yellow, brown, white or grey debris

A

otitis externa

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10
Q

Tx of otitis externa

A

irrigate gently w/1:1 dilution of 3% hydrogen peroxide AT BODY TEMP.

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11
Q

Tx of inflammation associated with otitis externa

A

Cortisporin, Cipro HC, Tobradex

soln if unsure if TM is intact

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12
Q

Most common cause of pharyngitis/tonsillitis in children 2-5 yrs

A

virus

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13
Q

Most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis/tonsillitis

A

streptococcus pyogenes (GABHS)

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14
Q

Sx include: rhinorrhea, cough, mild pharyngitis, fatigue, anorexia, abdominal pain

A

viral pharyngitis

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15
Q

Sx include: beefy red tonsils with exudate, tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, HA, abdominal pain

A

GABHS pharyngitis

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16
Q

Diagnostic method of choice for GABHS

A

throat culture

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17
Q

Abx treatment for GABHS pharyngitis

A

PCN first line. Macrolides as alternative

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18
Q

Sx include: malaise, beefy red tonsils/exudate, posterior cervical adenopathy, splenomegaly, afebrile

A

Epstein-Barr virus

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19
Q

Diagnostics for EBV

A

heterophile antibody test (Monospot). EBV antibodies on CBC (IgG, IgM)

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20
Q

How long should a pt with EBV avoid contact sports?

A

6-8 weeks

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21
Q

Caused by enterovirus. High fever and small ulcers on erythematous base on tonsillar pillars, soft palate, and uvula

A

Herpangina

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22
Q

caused by coxsackie virus. Vesicles or red papules found on the tongue, oral mucosa, hands, and feet. Mild fever and malaise

A

hand, foot, and mouth disease

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23
Q

Occurs in unimmunized child (HIB), High fever, sore throat, stridor, Drooling and respiratory distress

A

epiglottitis

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24
Q

one to several small ulcers on the insides of lips or elsewhere in the mouth. Last 1-2 weeks

A

Aphthous Stomatitis (Canker Sore)

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25
Q

Caused by Herpes Simplex. Ulcers in the mouth, Fever, Tender cervical lymphadenopathy. Lasts 7-10 days

A

Gingivostomatitis

26
Q

Mainly affects infants or older children in debilitated state
May occur in patients taking broad spectrum antibiotics or steroids

A

oral candidiasis (thrush)

27
Q

Sx include: mouth soreness, refusal of feedings. PE reveals white curd-like plaques predominantly on buccal mucosa

A

oral candidiasis (thrush)

28
Q

Treatment for oral candidiasis (thrush)

A

Nystatin oral suspension

29
Q

viral URI symptoms persist beyond 10-14 days. patient starts to improve and then becomes worse. Sx include: facial pain, maxillary teeth pain, malodorous breath

30
Q

infectious disease that is rare before age 10 years

31
Q

Infection causing inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi. Most often caused by parainfluenza virus. Presents 6months to 3 yrs of age

A

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

32
Q

Sx include: URI symptoms with barking cough and stridor. Absent or low grade fever

A

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

33
Q

Tx of croup

A

Dexamethasone 0.6mg/kg IM one dose

34
Q

Tx of croup if stridor at rest

A

Oxygen, nebulized racemic epinephrine. If symptoms resolve in 3 hours can be safely discharged. Otherwise hospitalize

35
Q

Pathogen that most commonly causes epiglottitis

A

h. flu type B

36
Q

Sx include: fever, dysphagia, drooling, “hot potato” voice, inspiratory retractions, soft stridor

A

epiglottitis

37
Q

Xray finding for epiglottitis vs croup

A

epiglottitis = thumbprint sign. croup = steeple sign

38
Q

Sx include: parotid gland swelling common, aseptic meningitis, transient pancreatitis, orchitis or oophoritis, epididymitis

39
Q

Vasculitis of unknown etiology affecting medium sized arteries. Occurs almost exclusively in pediatric population

A

kawasaki disease

40
Q

Typical lab results for kawasaki disease

A

hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytosis, and elevated ESR

41
Q

Sx include: rash, mucous membrane involvement, unilateral cervical adenopathy, nonpurulent conjunctivitis, swollen hands and feet

A

kawasaki disease

42
Q

Most serious complications from kawasaki disease

A

Coronary vasculitis and aneurysm formation

43
Q

Leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the US and Japan

A

Kawasaki disease

44
Q

Tx of Kawasaki disease

A

High-dose Aspirin and 2 days of IV immunoglobulin

45
Q

tiny white dots on a red base appearing on buccal mucosa 1 or 2 days prior to onset of rash

A

Koplik spots (pathognomic for rubeola-measles)

46
Q

Most important reason we vaccinate for rubella (German measles)

A

prevent spread to pregnant women to avoid congenital rubella syndrome

47
Q

Most common complications of rubella (German measles)

A

arthritis and arthralgia

48
Q

Results from HHV-6. Abrupt onset of high fever which lasts for 3-7 days. Resolution of fever is followed by development of erythematous maculopapular rash

49
Q

Caused by Parvovirus B19. Rash is flat, lacy, reticular, often pruritic, located on cheeks, trunk, and extremities. Children are NOT contagious once the rash appears

A

5th disease

50
Q

Generalized pruritic vesicular rash beginning on face, neck, or upper trunk and spreads outward with lesions at different stages (dew drop on rose petal)

A

varicella (chickenpox)

51
Q

How long is chickenpox contagious?

A

from 1-2 days prior to onset until the lesions have crusted

52
Q

First sign is “herald patch.” Followed by lesions that are oval with “christmas tree” appearance.

A

Pityriasis Rosea

53
Q

Inflammatory process of the smaller lower airways, usually caused by RSV. Can progress to respiratory failure and is potentially fatal

A

Bronchiolitis

54
Q

Sx include: fever, URI sx, tachypnea, wheezing

A

Bronchiolitis

55
Q

URI symptoms with cough and malaise. Coarse bronchial sounds. WBC normal, CXR clear. Most of the time it is viral

A

bronchitis

56
Q

Tx of pneumonia in kids

A

abx, fluids, O2

57
Q

Dangerous component of pertussis (whooping cough)

A

small infant can die from respiratory distress

58
Q

starts as URI symptoms and slight fever may be present, cough is initially. After about 2 weeks, coughs become paroxysmal with classic “whoop”

A

pertussis (whooping cough)

59
Q

Characterized by abnormal dilation and distortion of the bronchial tree, resulting in chronic obstructive lung disease

A

bronchiectasis

60
Q

Most common cause of bronchiectasis in developed nations

A

cystic fibrosis

61
Q

Abx treatment for pertussis

A

Erythromycin for 14 days

Azithromycin for 5 to 7 days

Pediatrics (21 decks)

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