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Pediatrics > Childhood Injuries > Flashcards

Childhood Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy of pediatric population that contributes to incidence of head trauma

A

large heads, thin skulls, poor muscle control

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2
Q

Type of head trauma more common than intracranial hematomas in kids

A

diffuse edema

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3
Q

When is neuroimaging recommended in children?

A

LOC >1 min, evidence of skull fx, focal neuro findings

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4
Q

Sx that characterize the Cushing Response which indicated elevated ICP

A

HTN, bradycardia, apnea

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5
Q

Which way should an infant face in a motor vehicle?

A

backwards

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6
Q

At what age or weight can a child be in a forward facing carseat?

A

Children 1-4 and weighing 20-40 pounds

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7
Q

Until what age or weight should a child be in a booster seat in MT?

A

age of 6 or greater than 60 pounds

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8
Q

Why should an infant not have a walker?

A

high risk of falls

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9
Q

Greatest period of risk for choking or swallowing foreign bodies

A

1st year of life

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10
Q

What age group should be given liquid (or chewable) medications?

A

children < 3yrs

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11
Q

Top three sports/activities with the highest rate of injury in children

A

Gymnastics, trampoline, baseball

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12
Q

Most common sports injuries in children

A

sprains, strains, contusions

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13
Q

Differences between pediatric bone and adult bone

A

Pediatric bone has a higher water content and lower mineral content (ie less brittle, thick periosteum, rich blood supply)

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14
Q

cartilaginous structure that is weaker than bone predisposed to injury

A

the physis (growth plate)

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15
Q

Osteochondrosis of the heel

age 8-12

A

Sever’s Disease

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16
Q

Apophysitis of the tibial tubericle (age 11-15)

A

Osgood-Schlatters

17
Q

Apophysitis of the inferior pole of the patella (age 10-15)

A

Sinding-Larsen Johansson

18
Q

Apophysitis of the medial epicondyle of the elbow (age 10-15)

A

Little League Elbow

19
Q

Mechanism of injury is plant and twist of knee. Usually non-contact. Higher incidence in girls. Knee effusion common

A

ACL injuries

20
Q

injury in which the FDP tendon is completely ruptured cannot flex the affected digit at the DIP joint.

A

Jersey finger

21
Q

extensor tendon injury, is an injury of the extensor digitorum tendon at the (DIP)

A

mallet finger

22
Q

Overuse injury secondary to throwing mechanics. Tender directly over the medial aspect of elbow. Will often elicit a history of child pitching “too many” innings or “too many” pitches per week

A

Little league elbow

23
Q

Most common type of ankle sprain

A

lateral

24
Q

stress fracture or defect of the pars interarticularis in a vertebra. due to repetitive increase in shear forces in the lumbar spine

A

spondylolysis

25
Q

movements of extension and rotation leading to slipping of all or part of one vertebra forward on another. occurs as a result of repetitive hyperextension which causes a shear stress at the pars interarticularis

A

spondylolisthesis

26
Q

Amount of acetamnophen that suggests toxic exposure

A

greater than 140mg/kg ingested in single dose or greater than 7.5g is ingested within a 24 hour period

27
Q

When should you draw a serum acetaminophen level?

A

draw 4 hours following ingestion in ANYONE suspected of overdose

28
Q

Treatment of acetaminophen overdose

A

N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)

29
Q

Why should you avoid Ipecac with acetaminophen overdose?

A

will delay the administration of N-acetylcysteine

30
Q

Poisoning presentation that includes: tinnitus, vomiting, hyperpnea, fever, lethargy

A

aspirin

31
Q

Treatment for aspirin overdose

A

activated charcoal, alkalinization w/IV bicarb. Possibly dialysis

32
Q

Poisoning presentation that includes: vomiting, abdominal pain, GI bleed, diarrhea

A

Iron

33
Q

Tx for iron poisoning

A

Deferoxamine IV (chelating agent)

34
Q

Poisoning that is insidious and may include vague sx: weakness, irritability, weight loss, ataxia, behavoral disorders, anemia

A

lead poisoning

35
Q

Tx of lead poisoning

A

interrupt ingestion. Chelation therapy with Succimer (in symptomatic children)

36
Q

Sx that suggest increased ICP

A

vomiting, HA, changes in mental status

Pediatrics (21 decks)

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