Other Common Pediatric Problems Flashcards
Involves conditions with partial or complete bowel obstruction
bilious infant vomiting
Largely due to gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). Cow or soy milk protein intolerance. Pyloric stenosis, and gastritis
nonbilious infant vomiting
Age group the most commonly presents with intussusception
toddlers
When does pyloric stenosis present?
3-6 weeks
Pathognomic for pyloric stenosis
olive-shaped palpable mass (15%)
Diagnostic test of choice for pyloric stenosis
ultrasound
Surgical tx for pyloric stenosis
pyloromyotomy
Pathogomic sign for necrotizing enterocolitis
air in the bowel wall (circle with lucency around it on xray)
T/F. Gastroesophageal reflux is very common in healthy infants
true (happy spitters)
Warning signs include: poor weight gain, irritability, feeding refusal, gross blood in stool
GERD
Work-up for GERD
esophageal pH monitoring or endoscopy
Pharmacotherapy for GERD if lifestyle options have failed
PPI; SE include increased risk for pneumonia and diarrhea
First choice for oral rehydration therapy
pedialyte
Tx of severe hypovolemia
treated initially with a rapid infusion of 20 mL/kg of isotonic saline
A decrease in a person’s normal frequency of defecation accompanied by difficult or incomplete passage of stool and/or passage of excessively hard, dry stool.
constipation
the result of functional retention. liquid stool leaks around a retained stool mass and is involuntarily passed
encopresis
tx of encopresis
osmotic laxative for 3 days
Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should have been established. Significant genetic component
enuresis
Children without any h/o of urinary tract symptoms or bladder dysfunction. Nocturnal
Monosymptomatic enuresis
Pharm tx for enuresis
desmopressin acetate
Most helpful and least uncomfortable laxatives for kids
osmotic agents- miralax, mineral oil, lactulose
What happens in the normally developing child if one eye is dominating visual acuity?
blindness can occur in the opposite eye
unilateral or bilateral reduction in central visual acuity due to the sensory deprivation of a well-formed retinal image
amblyopia
Can only occur during critical period of visual development in the first decade of life
amblyopia
occurs in nondominant eye of strabismic patient)
Strabismic amblyopia
results from refractive errors, can be unilateral or bilateral
refractive amblyopia
occurs with congenital cataracts, unilateral ptosis, corneal opacities or vitriol hemorrhage
deprivation amblyopia
Tests for amblyopia
fixation test, differential occlusion test, prism test
misalignment of the visual axes of the two eyes
strabismus
Inward turning misalignment of the eyes
esotropia
Outward turning misalignment of the eyes
exotropia
when should visual axes be well aligned by?
5-6 months
other disorders that may cause strabismus
hydrocephalus and space-occupying lesion
tx for strabismus
glasses, patches, surgical correction
PE technique to check for strabismus
corneal reflex
