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UKMPPD > PEDIATRI > Flashcards

PEDIATRI Flashcards

1
Q

Klinis:
Wajah khas: low set ears, protrusi lidah, depressed nasal brige, epicantal fold
Head lag
Simian palmar crease
Klinedaktili
Retardasi Metal

dx?

A

Down syndrome (Trisomi 21)

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2
Q

Klinis:
pendek, amenorea, tanda seks sekunder wanita tidak berkembang, webbed neck, madelung deformity

dx?

A

Sindrom Turner (45 XO)

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3
Q

Klinis:
tinggi, tanda seks pria tidak berkembang, ginekomastia, infertil, retardasi mental

dx?

A

Sindrom Klinefelter (47 XXY)

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4
Q

Klinis:
pertumbuhan tulang berlebih, pectus carinatum atau excavatum, kontraktur jari jari, micrognatia (rahang kecil), kelainan jantung, kelainan mata

dx?

A

Sindrom Marfan (mutasi gen fibrilin 1 matriks ekstraseluler)

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5
Q

Klinis:
mikrosefali, mikroftalmia, cyclops (mata tunggal), cleft lift, polidaktili, low set ears

dx?

A

Sindrom Patau

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6
Q

Klinis:
disfungsi kognitif berat, mikrosefali, mikrognatia, tangan mengepal dengan overlapoing jari ke 2 diatas jari ke 3, dan jari ke lima diatas jadi ke 4, Clubfoot

dx?

A

Sindrom Edward
(47, XY + 13 atau 47, XX + 13)

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7
Q

Mutasi gen CFTR, pada penyakit ?

A

Kistik Fibrosis

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8
Q

Mutasi gen fibrilin-1, pada penyakit?

A

sindrom marfan

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9
Q

Mutasi gen COL1A1, pada penyakit?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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10
Q

Mutasi gen WT1, pada penyakit?

A

Wilm’s Tumor (nefroblastoma)

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11
Q

Nama lain Idiopathic Trombositopenic Purpura?

A

Morbus Wirlhof

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12
Q

Kapan skrining hipotiroid dilakukan pada bayi?

A

2-3 hari setelah lahir

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13
Q

suhu rektal normal pada neonatus?

A

36.5 - 37.5

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14
Q

Hipotermia ringan (cold stress) pada neonatus pada suhu rektal berapa?

A

36 - 36.4

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15
Q

cut off hipoglikemia pada neonatus?

A

gds < 40

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16
Q

Defisiensi faktor VIII?

A

Hemofilia A

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17
Q

Defisiensi faktor IX?

A

Hemofilia B

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18
Q

Klinis demam, batuk, sesak, wheezing +
dx?

A

Bronkiolitis

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19
Q

Klinis demam, batuk, sesak
rhonki +
thorax : infiltrat
dx?

A

pneumonia

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20
Q

klinis: demam, batuk, sesak
barking cough (-)
odinofagia, hot potato voice, drooling saliva, tripod position
foto servikal lateral: thumb sign, valecula sign

dx?

A

pseudocroup

*thumb sign: A rounded thickening of the epiglottic shadow on a lateral neck X-ray that gives the appearance of an adult-sized thumb. This is a hallmark of swollen and enlarged epiglottis

*valecula sign: indicates an enlarged epiglottis and obliterated vallecula, which is a groove between the tongue and epiglottis.

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21
Q

tatalaksana pseudocroup (epiglotitis)?

A

ceftriaxone iv 50-75 mg/kg/hari SD
kortikosteroid

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22
Q

klinis: demam, batuk, sesak
barking cough +
stridor, demam low grade, suara serak
Foto servikal: steeple, winebotle, pencil sign
Bronkoskopi: edema
Kultur: -

dx?

A

croup (laringotrakeobronkitis)

*steeple= menara gereja yang ujungnya runcing -> pengempitan saluran udara
*wine bottle sign= bentuk botol wine kan mengecil keatas -> ada penyempitan saluran udara
*pencil sign= pencil kan ujungnya makin runcing

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23
Q

klinis: demam, batuk, sesak
barking cough +
stridor, demam high grade
foto servikal lateral: filling defect
bronkoskopi: pseudomembran
kultur: +

dx?

A

Trakeitis bakterialis

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24
Q

diare seperti cucian beras
nyeri perut -
demam -

penunjang: bakteri batang gram negatif, bentuk koma, berkelompok (kawanan ikan berenang)
dx?

A

Kolera

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25
Q

trauma lahir pada neonatus
benjolan di kepala, melewati sutura
klinis anak baik, syok (-)
benjolan teraba lunak
dx?

A

Caput succadenum

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26
Q

trauma bayi baru lahir
benjolan di kepala
melewati sutura
klinis anak buruk, syok +
konsistensi padat, berair, benjolan trus membesar
dx?

A

Perdarahan subgaleal

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27
Q

Trauma kepala bayi baru lahir
tidak melewati sutura
dx?

A

cefalhematoma

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28
Q

1st line obat kolera?

A

tetrasiklin, doksisiklin

*2nd line (anak<2 tahun): azitromisin, eritromisin

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29
Q

diare anak
berlendir+
darah+
nyeri perut hebat, demam tinggi

penunjang:
bakteri batang gram negatif,
non motil (tidak berflagel),
tidak berspora,
ghost sel

dx?

A

Disentri basiler (ec shigella sp.)

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30
Q

Tatalaksana disentri basiiler (shigellosis)?

A

kotrimoksasol, cefixim

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31
Q

diare anak
diare lendir+
darah+
nyeri perut minimal
demam subfebris

penunjang:
Kristal charcot leyden
Kista matang berinti 4
Trofozoit: berinti 1 dengan kariosom di tengah, memiliki pseudopodia

dx?

A

Disentri Amuba (ec entamoeba hystolitica)

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32
Q

Tatalaksana amoebiasis?

A

Metronidazol 50 mg/kgBB terbagi 3 dosis. selama 5-10 hari

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33
Q

diare pada anak
steatorrhea (feses berlemak)
hiperflatulens

penunjang:
protozoa berflagel
monkey face
tetesan air (tear drop)
kristal charcot layden

dx?

A

Giardiasis (ec giardia lamblia)

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34
Q

Tatalaksana giardiasis?

A

Metronidazol 50 mg/kgBB terbagi 3 dosis. selama 5-7 hari

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35
Q
A
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36
Q

pasien anak, benjolan pada tulang belakang, tumbuh rambut halus, gap pada area tulang belakang tanpa adanya suatu kantung.
dx?

A

Spina Bifida Occulta

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37
Q

Pasien anak, timbul benjolan tertutup selaput, belum ada kelainan neurologis

A

Meningocele

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38
Q

Pasien anak, benjolan pada tulang belakang, benjolan tertutup selaput,
kelainan neurologis +
dx?

A

meningo-myelocele

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39
Q

benjolan pada tulanh belakang, tidak ditutupi selaput
dx?

A

Mieloskizis

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40
Q

Kelainan pertumbuhan
badan besar
Simetris +
onset anak/remaja
Hormon pertumbuhan&raquo_space;
dx?

A

Gigantisme

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41
Q

Kelainan pertumbuhan
badan besar
Asimetris
onset dewasa
Hormon pertumbuhan&raquo_space;
dx?

A

Akromegali

42
Q

Kelainan pertumbuhan
badan kecil
retardasi mental +
hormon tiroid «
dx?

A

Kretinisme

43
Q

Kelainan pertumbuhan
badan kecil
retardasi mental -
hormon pertumbuhan «
dx?

A

Dwarfism

44
Q

Demam dengan ruam
Penyebaran sentripetal (dari pinggir ke tengah)
Makula + 3C (Conjungtivitis, Coryza, Cough)
Limfadenopati +
Forscheimer spot

dx?

A

Rubella

45
Q

Demam dengan ruam
Penyebaran sentripetal (dari pinggir ke tengah)
Makula + 3C (Conjungtivitis, Coryza, Cough)
Limfadenopati -
Koplik spot

dx?

A

Rubeola / Campak

46
Q

Demam dengan ruam
penyebaran sentrifugal (tengah ke pinggir)
vesikel, papul (ruam polimorfik)
dx?

A

Varicella

47
Q

Demam dengan ruam
penyebaran sentrifugal (tengah ke pinggir)
Makula eritema
dx?

A

Roseola

48
Q

Gejala:
ruam serpiginosa berpindah-pindah
gejala GI tract

Faktor risiko:
ga pakai alas kaki

Penunjang:
Larva filariform
Larva rhabditiform

dx?

A

Strongiloidiasis
ec: Strongiloides stercoralis

49
Q

stadium infeksius strongiloides stercoralis?

A

larva filariform

50
Q

stadium diagnostik infeksi strongiloides stercoralis?

A

larva rhabditiform

51
Q

Obat strongiloidiasis?

A

Ivermectin 200 mikro gram/kg/hari
selama 2 hari

52
Q

gejala:
infeksi lokal pada kulit
GI tract symtoms

Faktor risiko:
tidak pakai alas kaki

Penunjang (Harada Mori Tape):
Telur oval, dinding transparan berisi segmented ovum/morula/blastula

dx?

A

Infeksi Hookworm
ec Ancylosyoma duodenale/ Necator americanus

53
Q

Terapi infeksi hookworm?

A

Albendazole 400mg SD

54
Q

Gejala:
disentri kronis, konstipasi, gangguan pertumbuhan

Faktor risiko:
sanitasi kurang, imun rendah

Penunjang:
telur bentuk tong/tempayan

dx?

A

Trichuriasis
ec trichuria trichuria

55
Q

Terapi trichuriasis?

A

Albendazole 1x400mg
selama 3 hari

Tri = 3
jadi 3 hari make nya

56
Q

Gejala:
GI tract symtoms, ileus, ikterus,
leoffler syndrome, keluar cacing

Faktor risiko:
bab di sungai, tidak cuci tangan sebelum makan

Penunjang:
Telur 3 lapis, lapisan luar bergelombang, albuminoid

dx?

A

Ascariasis
ec Ascaris Lumbricoides

*leoffler syndrome: a type of eosinophilic pneumonia mimicking community-acquired pneumonia and asthma that arises from Ascaris lumbricoides in a child.

57
Q

Terapi ascariasis?

A

Albendazole 400 mg SD

58
Q

Gejala:
garuk pantat malam hari
sulit tidur
nilai sekolah jelek

Faktor risiko:
sanitasi kurang

Penunjang (graham scotch adesive tape) :
Telur oval, asimetris, planokonveks, bentuk D terbalik

dx?

A

Enterobiasis
ec enterobius vermicularis

59
Q

Gejala:
swimmers itch
gi tract symtoms
nyeri perut, diare, perdarahan sal. cerna

Faktor risiko:
mandi di sungai

Penunjang:
Telur dengan spina beregresi (pelan” menghilang), bulet

dx?

A

Shistosoma japonicum

60
Q

Terapi enterobiasis?

A

Albendazole 400mg Sd

61
Q

Gejala:
swimmers itch
gi tract symtoms
nyeri perut, diare, perdarahan sal. cerna

Faktor risiko:
mandi di sungai

Penunjang:
Telur dengan spina di lateral

dx?

A

Schistosoma mansoni

62
Q

Gejala:
swimmers itch
gejala saluran kencing (hematuria, disuria, nyeri suprapubis)

Faktor risiko:
mandi di sungai

Penunjang:
Telur dengan spina di terminal (ujung)

dx?

A

Schistosoma hematobium

63
Q

Stadium infeksius pada penyakit schistosomiasis?

A

Serkaria

64
Q

Terapi shistosoma japonicum?

A

Prazikuantel 3x 20 mg/kgBB

65
Q

Terapi schistosoma mansoni?

A

Prazikuantel 2x 20 mg/kgBB

66
Q

Terapi schistosoma hematobium?

A

Prazikuantel 2x 20 mg/kgBB

67
Q

Gejala:
GI tract symtoms

Faktor risiko:
makan daging sapi tidak matang

Penunjang:
Telur bulat dengan embriopor/ striae bergaris radier mirip roda pedati

dx?

A

Taeniasis
ec. Taenia Saginata

68
Q

Gejala:
GI tract symtoms
Gangguan neurologi

Faktor risiko:
makan daging babi tidak matang

Penunjang:
Telur bulat dengan embriopor/ striae bergaris radier mirip roda pedati

dx?

A

Taeniasis
ec. Taenia Solium

69
Q

Terapi taeniasis?

A

Prazikuantel 5-10 mg/kgBB SD

70
Q

Gejala:
pembengkakan tungkai dari inguinal - lutut

Faktor risiko:
gigitan nyamuk culex, anopheles

Penunjang:
Cacing inti teratur, inti di ekor (-)
kepala: ekor = 1:1

dx?

A

Filariasis ec Wuchereria Bancrofti

71
Q

Gejala:
pembengkakan tungkai dari lutut kebawah
kaki gajah

Faktor risiko:
gigitan nyamuk culex, anopheles

Penunjang:
Cacing inti tidak teratur, inti di ekor (+)
kepala: ekor = 1:2

dx?

A

Filariasis ec Brugiya Malayi

72
Q

Gejala:
pembengkakan tungkai dari lutut kebawah
kaki gajah

Faktor risiko:
gigitan nyamuk culex, anopheles

Penunjang:
Cacing inti tidak teratur, inti di ekor (+)
kepala: ekor = 1:3

dx?

A

Filariasis ec Brugia Timori

73
Q

Terapi filariasis?

A

DEC 6 mg/kgBB selama 12 hari +
Ivermectin 150-200 mcg/kgBB SD

74
Q

Hiperbilirubinemia pada remaja
tanda hemolisis -
klinis baik

pemicu: olahraga, puasa, infeksi

Penunjang:
Bilirubin indirek meningkat

dx?

A

Sindrom Gilbert

75
Q

Hiperbilirubinemia pada neonatus
Tanda hemolisis -
Klinis buruk
bilrubin indirek meningkat
dx?

A

Sindrom Crigler Najjal tipe 1

76
Q

Hiperbilirubinemia pada neonatus
Tanda hemolisis -
Klinis baik
bilrubin indirek meningkat
dx?

A

Sindrom Crigler Najjal Tipe 2

77
Q

Hiperbilirubinemia pada anak
tanda hemolisis-
asimtomatik
bilirubin direk meningkat
dx?

A

Sindrom Rotor

78
Q

klinis :
demam, nyeri tenggorokan, malaise
dalam 12-24 jam timbul ruam

pemfis:
tonsil membesar,
uvula ada eksudat putih keabu-abuan
strawberry tongue +
sand paper rash +

dx?

A

Demam Skarlatina
(Scarlet Fever)

79
Q

Rigler sign tanda apa?

A

Pneumoperitoneum

80
Q

kapa boleh diberikan imunisasi pada anak yang mengkonsumsi steroid?

A

tunda 1 bulan dari dosis steroid terakhir

81
Q

apakah anak yang mengkonsumsi antibiotik boleh di imunisasi?

A

tetap boleh

82
Q

anak dengan HIV+ apakah boleh diimunisasi?

A

jika gejala belum signifikan muncul -> imunisasi diberikan sesuai jadwal
jika gejala signifikan -> jangan berikan BCG

83
Q

anak lahir prematur, kapan boleh diimunisasi?

A

ditunda sampai usia 2 bulan atau BB minimal 2000 gram

84
Q

Apa saja kontraindikasi pemberian imunisasi?

A
  1. hiperpireksia (suhu> 40,5)
  2. Ensefalopati dalam 7 hari terakhir
  3. Syok
  4. Kejang dalam 2 hari terakhir (Demam)
85
Q

terapi disentri amoeba?

A

Metronidazole 500 mg 3x1 selama 3-5 hari

86
Q

Gejala Ricekts?
Mnemonic: RICKETS
R nya apa?

A

Rachitic rosary

87
Q

Gejala Ricekts?
Mnemonic: RICKETS
I nya apa?

A

pIgeon chest

88
Q

Gejala Ricekts?
Mnemonic: RICKETS
C nya apa?

A

craniotabes

89
Q

Gejala Ricekts?
Mnemonic: RICKETS
K nya apa?

A

knock knee

90
Q

Gejala Ricekts?
Mnemonic: RICKETS
E nya apa?

A

End of long bones become wide

91
Q

Gejala Ricekts?
Mnemonic: RICKETS
T nya apa?

A

Teeth - delayed eruption & hypoplasia

92
Q

Gejala Ricekts?
Mnemonic: RICKETS
S nya apa?

A

Skull-frontal bossing & delayed closure of fontanelles

93
Q

setting sun eyes tanda pada?

A

hidrosefalus

94
Q

gower sign tanda pada?

A

duchenne muscular dystrophy

95
Q

blue sclera tanda pada?

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

96
Q

antral nipple sign khas pada?

A

Hyperthrophic pylorus stenosis
-> temuan usg

97
Q

skoring untuk mengetahui apakah bayi mengalami gawat nafas atau tidak

A

Down score

98
Q

Skoring yang menentukan apakah bayi mengalami asfiksia atau tidak

A

APGAR score

98
Q

Skoring untuk hipotiroid kongenital

A

Quebec score

99
Q

Skoring untuk mengetahui usia gestasi pada neonatus

A

New ballard score

UKMPPD (13 decks)

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