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UKMPPD > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

temuan ekg hiperkalsemia?

A

QT memendek

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2
Q

temuan ekg hipokalsemia?

A

QT memanjang

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3
Q

Syok kardiogenik
Hipotensi (Sbp < 90 mmHg)
tanpa tanda syok
tx?

A

Dobutamin 2 mcg/kg/mrnit IV drip

*tanda shock:
- CRT>2 dtk
- Akral dingin
- Oligouria/anuria

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4
Q

Syok kardiogenik
Hipotensi (Sbp < 90 mmHg)
dengan tanda syok
HR<50x/menit
tx?

A

Dopamin 5-20 mcg/kg/menit IV Drip

*tanda shock:
- CRT>2 dtk
- Akral dingin
- Oligouria/anuria

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5
Q

Syok kardiogenik
Hipotensi (Sbp < 90 mmHg)
dengan tanda syok
HR>50x/menit
tx?

A

Norepinefrin 0,1 - 0,5 mcg/kg/menit IV Drip

*tanda shock:
- CRT>2 dtk
- Akral dingin
- Oligouria/anuria

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6
Q

Algoritma henti jantung

A
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7
Q

Terapi takiaritmia?
narrow QRS
reguler
pasien tidak stabil

A

Kardioversi 50-100 J

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8
Q

Terapi takiaritmia?
narrow QRS
reguler
pasien stabil

A
  1. Vagal manuver
  2. Adenosine 6 - 12 mg
  3. Betablocker IV (Metoprolol 5mg IV)
  4. CCB Non DHP
    - Diltiazem 15-20 mg
    - Verapamil 2,5 - 5 mg
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9
Q

kontraindikasi vagal manuver?

A
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10
Q

Terapi takiaritmia?
narrow QRS
irreguler
pasien tidak stabil

A

kardioversi 120 J

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11
Q

Terapi takiaritmia?
narrow QRS
irreguler
pasien stabil

A
  1. Betablocker IV (Metoprolol 5 mg IV)
  2. CCB Non DHP
    - diltiazem 15 - 20 mg
    - verapamil 2,5 - 5 mg
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12
Q

Terapi takiaritmia?
wide QRS
reguler
pasien tidak stabil

A

kardioversi 100 J

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13
Q

Terapi takiaritmia?
wide QRS
reguler
pasien stabil

A
  1. Adenosine
  2. Amiodarone 150 mg
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14
Q

Terapi takiaritmia?
wide QRS
irreguler
pasien tidak stabil

A

Non Synchronized cardioversion

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15
Q

Terapi takiaritmia?
wide QRS
irreguler
pasien stabil

A
  1. Amiodarone 150 mg
  2. *TDP: MgSO4 20% 1-2 gr
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16
Q

Algoritma bradiaritmia?

A
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17
Q

Algoritma terapi HT?

A
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18
Q

Kardiomiopati dilatasi ada berapa?

A
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19
Q

Anak anak
Riwayat ISPA berulang
FTT (Failure to Thrive)
Auskultasi: murmur S2 fixed-split
dx?

A

ASD

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20
Q

Khas:
batuk berdarah
nafas berat
bb tidak naik
sulit menyusu

auskultasi: murmur pansistolik/holosistolik ICS 2/3 PSL Sinistra

A

VSD

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21
Q

Klinis:
sianosis, clubbing finger
-> merupakan bentuk akhir dari hipertensi pulmonal
dx?

A

Sindrom Eisenmenger

-> dapat terjadi pada ASD, VSD, PDA, truncus arteriosus

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22
Q

khas:
murmur kontinyu/ machinery pada ICS 2/3 PSL Sinistra

A

PDA

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23
Q

*DROP
Defek septal ventrikel
RVH
Overriding aorta
Pulmonal stenosis

dx?

A

TOF

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24
Q

*DROP-A
VSD
RVH
Overriding aorta
Pulmonal stenosis
ASD

dx?

A

Pentalogy of fallot

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25
Q

sianosis, takipneu, dyspneu on effort -> hypoxic spell terutapa saat Squatting

khas pada?

A

TOF

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26
Q

x-ray : boot shaped heart
khas pada?

A

TOF

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27
Q

Perokok
Usia <45-50 thn
Nyeri pada ekstremitas distal yang bertambah parah saat istirahat
Ulserasi digital
Flebitis superfisialis

dx?

A

Buerger’s disease/ thrombophlebitis Obliterans

*akibat vaskulitis segmental arteri distal, vena perifer dan saraf ekstremitas

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28
Q

klinis:
wanita <= 40 thn
Cladicatio ekstremitas
Beda TD dan Pulsasi ekstremitas
dx?

A

Takayasu Vaskulitis

*vaskulitis: subklavia/ karotis/ aorta

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29
Q

klinis:
usia >50 thn
onset baru nyeri kepala
jaw claudicatio
dx?

A

GCA (giant cell arteritis)

*terserinh: temporal dan arteri diatas leher

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30
Q

klinis:
perubahan warna triphasic dari jari-jari dengan :
1. awal putih atau pucat (fase iskemik), 2. kemudian biru/sianosis (fase deoksigenasi)
3. merah/eritema (fase reperfusi)

dx?

A

Raynaud disease

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31
Q

patof Raynaud disease?

A

vasopasme pemnuluh darah kecil

dipicu oleh: suhu, stress, emosi, obat

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32
Q

klinis:
perubahan warna triphasic dari jari-jari

simetris, episodik, tanpa penyakit vaskular

dx?

A

Primary Raynaud Disease

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33
Q

klinis:
perubahan warna triphasic dari jari-jari

asimetris, nyeri hebat, gangren

dx?

A

Secondary Raynaud Disease

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34
Q

Terapi Raynaud disease?

A

CCB
Iloprost IV

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35
Q

ST elevasi di lead V1-V4

A

STEMI Anteroseptal

*LAD artery

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36
Q

ST elevasi di lead V5-V6, AVL

A

STEMI Lateral

*LCX artery

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37
Q

ST elevasi di lead
II, III, aVF

A

STEMI inferior

*RCA artery

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38
Q

ST elevasi di lead
V7-V9

A

STEMI Posterior

*RCA artery

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39
Q

ST elevasi di lead
V3R, V4R

A

STEMI RV infark

*RCA artery

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40
Q

Terapi STEMI

A

ONACOM

  1. O2 , spo2 <90%
  2. Nitrat (ISDN 5mg SL), diulang 3-5 menit, max 3x
  3. DAPT
    - Aspilet (loading 160-320 mg, maintanance 80 mg)
    - Clopidogrel 75 mg (loading 300 mg, maintanance 75 mg, pro PCI->loading 600 mg)
  4. Morfin 3-5 mg IV (diencerkan dalam 10cc Nacl)
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41
Q

PR interval memanjang >5 kotak kecil (>0,2s)
dx?

A

AV Block

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42
Q

PR interval memendek <5 kotak kecil (<0,08s)
dx?

A

Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome

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43
Q

RSR’ pada V1-V2 khas pada?

A

RBBB

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44
Q

R tinggi + notched pada I, aVL, V5-V6
khas pada?

A

LBBB

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45
Q

Gelombang p coarse/fine (tidak terlihat)
R-R irreguler
HR>110x

dx?

A

AF RVR
(Atrial Flutter with Rapid Ventricular Response)

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46
Q

Gelombang p coarse/fine (tidak terlihat)
R-R irreguler
HR<60x

dx?

A

AF SVR
(Atrial Flutter with Slow Ventricular Response)

47
Q

Gelombang p coarse/fine (tidak terlihat)
R-R irreguler
HR 60-110x

dx?

A

AF NVR
(Atrial Flutter with Normal Ventricular Response)

48
Q

Sindrom kardiorenal akut nama lainnya?

A

CRS Tipe 1

49
Q

Sindrom kardiorenal kronis nama lainnya?

A

CRS tipe II

50
Q

Sindrom renokardiak akut nama lainnya?

A

CRS tipe 3
-> AKI yang memicu penyakit jantung akut (overload, HF, hiperK+)

51
Q

Sindrom renokardiak kronis nama lainnya?

A

CRS tipe 4
-> CKD picu kerusakan/faktor risiko penyakit jantung

52
Q

Sindrom kardiorenal sekunder, nama lainnya?

A

CRS tipe 5
-> karena MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome)

53
Q

Denyutan prematur yang muncul lebih dini:
p tidak ada, QRS melebar, kompensasi komplit

A

PVC (premature ventricular complex)

54
Q

Denyutan prematur yang muncul lebih dini:
PR>0,12s, diikuti QRS normal, kompensasi inkomplit

A

Premature Atrial Complex

55
Q

PVC dengan gelombang R jatuh pada gelombang T denyutan sebelumnya

A

PVC R on T

56
Q

lebih dari 3 PVC berurutan namanya?

A

Salvo/ run VT

57
Q

bising amat lemah, murmur grade brp?

A

1

58
Q

bising halus dapat didengar segera, murmur grade brp?

A

2

59
Q

bising prominen -> belum keras
murmur grade brp?

A

3

60
Q

bising terdengar keras + thrill
murmur grade brp?

A

4

61
Q

bising terdengar amat keras
murmur grade brp?

A

5

62
Q

bising terdengar amat keras, dapat didengar tanpa mengguakan stetoskop
murmur grade brp?

A

6

63
Q

axis?
lead I +
lead aVL +

A

normal

64
Q

axis?
lead I +
lead aVF -
lead II +

A

normal

65
Q

axis?
lead I +
lead aVF -
lead II -

A

deviasi ke kiri

66
Q

axis?
lead I -
lead aVF +

A

deviasi ke kanan

67
Q

axis?
lead I -
lead aVF -

A

extreme LAD/RAD

68
Q

temuan hipokalemi pada ekg

A
69
Q

temuan hiperkalemi pad ekg

A
70
Q

klasifikasi ACS

A

dibagi jadi 2 dulu: N-STEACS dan STACS

71
Q

Nyeri dada tipikal
EKG (N/ST depresi/T inversi)
Enzim normal
dx?

A

UAP

72
Q

Nyeri dada tipikal
EKG (N/ST depresi/T inversi)
enzim meningkat
dx?

A

NSTEMI

73
Q

Nyeri dada tipikal
EKG ST elevasi
Enzim meningkat
dx?

A

STEMI

74
Q

door to needle fibrinolitik brp menit?

A

30 menit

75
Q

stemi, jarak ke akses pci >2 jam
diapain?

A

fibrinolitik

76
Q

kontraindikasi absolut fibrinolitik?

A
77
Q

obat fibrinolitik apa saja?

A

Streptokinase
Alteplase

78
Q

pasien NSTEMI boleh di fibrinolitik ga?

A

tidak. langsung PCI

79
Q

Pasien NSTEMI, disertai klinis gangguan hemodinamik, gagal jantung akut
dx?

A

NSTEMI dengan kriteria risiko sangat tinggi (VERY HIGH RISK)

80
Q

Pasien NSTEMI, termasuk kriteria risiko apa?

A

NSTEMI dengan kriteria risiko tinggi (HIGH RISK)

81
Q

Terapi NSTEMI VERY HIGH RISK?

A

immediate invasive strategy PCI

82
Q

Terapi NSTEMI HIGH RISK?

A

early invasive strategy PCI
*dilaksanakan dalam <24 jam dari diagnosis

83
Q

Terapi NSTEMI MODERATE & LOW RISK?

A

selective invasive strategy PCI

84
Q

Batas maksimal memberikan fibrinolitik berapa jam?

A

12 jam, lebih dari itu sudah gaada gunanya

85
Q

Kapan memberikan O2 pada pasien acs?

A

kalo saturasi <90%

86
Q

Kapan bisa memberikan morfin pada pasien ACS?

A

kalo nyeri tidak membaik setelah diberikan nitrat 5mg SL sebanyak 3 kali (intervak 5 menit)

87
Q

Kriteria mayor framingham pada HF?

A
88
Q

Kriteria minor framingham pada HF?

A
89
Q

klinis gagal jantung akut, tidak ada riwayat HF sebelumnya
dx?

A

Acute De Novo HF

90
Q

klinis gagal jantung akut, ada riwayat HF
dx?

A

ADHF

91
Q

EKG:
Right axis deviation
R>S di V1/V2

dx?

A

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (RVH)

92
Q

kriteria sokolow lyon

A

R di V5/v6 + S di V1≥ 35 mm
or
R di aVL ≥ 11 mm

93
Q

nyha berapa?
mampu melakukan aktivitas seperti biasa

A

I

94
Q

nyha berapa?
sesak saat aktivitas berat

A

II

95
Q

nyha berapa?
sesak saat aktivitas ringan

A

III
*misal: jalan 100 meter

96
Q

nyha berapa?
sesak saat istirahat

A

IV

97
Q

4 pilar obat HF?

A
  1. ACE-i/ARB
  2. Beta blocker
  3. SGLT2-inhibitor
  4. MRA (spironolakton)
98
Q

Terapi ADHF?

A
99
Q

Derajat HF berdasarkan ACCA/AHA?
berisiko mengalami gagal jantung, tidak ada kelainan anatomis
(ex: HT)

A

A

100
Q

Derajat HF berdasarkan ACCA/AHA?
ada kelainan struktural, tidak bergejala

A

B

101
Q

Derajat HF berdasarkan ACCA/AHA?
ada kelainan struktural, ada gejala

A

C

102
Q
A
103
Q

Derajat HF berdasarkan ACCA/AHA?
end stage disease, tidak berespon baik dengan pengobatan

A

D

104
Q

nyeri dada khas pada perikarditis?

A

nyeri dada retrodternal yang berkurang ketika duduk/ membungkuk

105
Q

klinis endokarditis?

A

FROM JANE

106
Q

klinis demam rematik akut?

A
107
Q

Apa saja tanda bahaya dari takiaritmia?

A

NIH PAS!

108
Q

Klasifikasi Diseksi Aorta

A

BAD 123

109
Q

obat anti aritmia yang menyebabkan SLE?

A

Procainamide

110
Q

obat anti hipertensi yang menyebabkan SLE?

A

Hydralazine

111
Q

stemmer sign temuas khas pada?

A

Limfedema

112
Q

sweat chloride test +, khas pada?

A

kistik fibrosis

113
Q

stemi lead v1-v2?

A

Stemi septal
*lad artery

114
Q

stemi lead v3-v4?

A

stemi anterior
*lad artery

UKMPPD (13 decks)

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