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RLST112 > Patterns of Religiosity > Flashcards

Patterns of Religiosity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 9 patterns of religiosity?

A
  1. Shamanism
  2. Connecting to the cosmos
  3. Temple religion
  4. Prophetic Religion
  5. The energy God
  6. Purity and monasticism
  7. Mystery religion
  8. Avatar: God on earth
  9. Scriptural religion
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2
Q

What is a shaman?

A

Shaman is a generic term for a person who acts as an intermediary between humans and the spirit world.

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3
Q

Where were shamans very common and what was their role in these societies?

A

In several hunting societies, shamans played roles in a ritual, either to ensure a successful hunt, to overcome dangerous situations, or to appease the spirit of the animal killed.

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4
Q

True or False: Shamans also played a role in appeasing unfriendly spirits.

A

True

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5
Q

How would a Shaman appease unfriendly spirits?

A

A shaman would perform a ritual or sacrifice.

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6
Q

What pattern of religiosity inspired the building of structures such as Stonehenge or the pyramids of Egypt?

A

Connecting to the cosmos

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7
Q

Why did humans pay careful attention to the cosmic cycles?

A

Understanding the cosmic cycles was important to determine, among others, the best time for planting.

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8
Q

What are hilltop tombs?

A

Ancient cultures around the world appear to have favoured high places as burial sites. High places were thought to be closer to the deities. They blame symbolic link that connected the deceased with the cosmos, or the earth with the heaven.

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9
Q

How are animals connected to the pattern of religiosity of connecting to the cosmos?

A

Cosmos connection also manifested in the association of certain animals with specific cities. Common manifestations: bull, that is thought to represent power or strength.

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10
Q

What is an example of the association of the bull with creator god?

A

Can be found in the Bible where Moses denounces the practice of worshipping an image of golden calf as idolatry.

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11
Q

What was the golden calf episode?

A

In the early century of Common Era, the golden calf episode was a source of embarrassment to the Jews in the relations with the increasingly aggressive Church.

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12
Q

When was temple religion found since?

A

since 300 years ago with the priestly class

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13
Q

Who established the first temple and organized priest in Judaism?

A

King Solomon in mid-tenth century BCE

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14
Q

What was the only site where sacrificed rituals could be performed in early Judaism?

A

the temple

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15
Q

How was the priest determined in Judaism?

A

In Judaism,t he priest (Kohen) was hereditary. All those who served in the temple as priests were required to be Levites and direct descendant of Aaron, the brother of Moses who was the original high priests.

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16
Q

What does the word prophet mean?

A

Means a person who speaks on behalf of a deity and it also signifies a person who predicts the future.

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17
Q

Among the Greeks, the roles of proper were known since___years ago.

A

3000

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18
Q

What is the difference between a prophet and a shaman?

A

prophet is a high caliber than Shaman

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19
Q

When did several new religions begin to form under the leadership of a great prophet, abrahamic traditions?

A

by 7000 BCE

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20
Q

When were the Abrahamic prophetic traditions developed in Judaism?

A
  • In Judaism, Abraham was considered a prophet. But the idea of prophecy and prophethood were fully developed only after the period of the Babylonia exile (586 BCE).
21
Q

What were Jewish prophecies directed at?

A

Towards the people of Israel as a whole, warning of the disaster that would come if they did not follow God’s command.

22
Q

Who was considered the fulfilment of the Hebrew prophecies in Christianity?

A

Jesus

23
Q

How were the Hebrew prophecies applied in Islam?

A

In Islam, the Hebrew prophets, including Abraham and Jesus, were considered the forerunners of the Prophet Muhammad, the last of all prophets, who received God’s final revelation.

24
Q

How introduced the concepts of heaven and hell, including the day of judgment in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

A

All were introduced by prophets.

25
Q

What is theMessiah figure in Judaism?

A

Messiah figure in Judaism was a pwoerfulmessiah, not the one who forgives others.The figure in Judaism was the military commander, so to speak. Not the one who was peaceful like Jesus.

26
Q

What is the energy god?

A

A religious pattern that considers the divine not a s a god or a human like entity, but as the energy of the cosmos

27
Q

True or False: Within the concept of the energy God, common concepts such as prayer, sacrifice, and commandment are practiced.

A

False

28
Q

What are some representatives of the energy?

A

Chinese Daoism, the Upanishadic wisdom of India, and the pre-Socratic philosophy of the Greek.

29
Q

Explain the concept of the energy God?

A

Pattern that considers the divine not as God or as human but as energy of the cosmos. They don’t have the concept of praying or ritual of sacrifice, the concept of law like the ten commandments or sharia in Islamic tradition. The concept of divine has nothing to do with the Abrahamic style of God.

30
Q

What is Daoism’s central tenants?

A
  • central tenets: how to live in harmony

- Unlike the concept of god(s) in other traditions, the Dao has no attribute or personality

31
Q

What was Greek philosophy before Socrates?

A

Energy, without mentioning a god or goddesses, was the first principle, underlying all things.

32
Q

What were the first examples of the energy god?

A

Daoism and Greek philosophy before Socrates

33
Q

Explain the pattern of purity and monasticism.

A
  • Its followers typically sought spiritual enlightenment through asceticism or intense bodily discipline
  • Their ethics was one of non-violence toward all creatures and their goal was the achieve the purity of mind
  • To make harmony with the world outside of the person
34
Q

When did purity and monasticism emerge?

A

Around the same time as “the Energy God” movements

35
Q

What was an example of purity and monasticism? Explain.

A

The Ganges spirituality, known as open air seminary along the banks of the river. Followers of their movements rejected the killing of animals for food, avoided causing harm to living microscopic creatures.

36
Q

What was the pattern of religiosity that influenced the formation of Christianity?

A

Mystery religion

37
Q

What is mystery religion?

A

The core teaching nd rituals were kept secret from outsider and were revealed only to those who prepared to undergo the initiation in the hope that of securing blessing in this life and a heavenly paradise in the afterlife.

38
Q

How is mystery religion similar to Christianity?

A

the early Christians were initiated into the new cult by undergoing Baptism. They then joined the inner circle of people who fail entered on Jesus’ death and resurrection,and who hoped that by following christ, they would secure blessing in this life and after each.

39
Q

What is the pattern of Avatar?

A
  • Avatar is a Sanskrit term for God’s ‘coming down’ to earth.
40
Q

What is Avatar in Christianity?

A
  • in Christianity, God came down on earth as fully human and fully god.
  • he came down to save the world from exile power, he also says those who put their faith in him dn secures them a place in heaven
41
Q

Do Judaism and Islam recognize the concept of avatar god?

A

no

42
Q

What are Krishna in Hinduism, Amitabha Buddha, and Jesus in Christianity examples of?

A

Avatar: God on Earth

43
Q

What is Judaism: living by Torah?

A
  • In Judaism, the Torah and its interpretations began to play important role since the period of the babylonian exile
  • During the exile, the priests were unable to prepare rituals in the temple, so the Jews had turned to the rabbis – scholars of Torah and Jewish law.
  • Since that time, Jewish religious life has entered on interpretation son the scriptures
44
Q

When did scriptural religion take shape?

A

approximately since 3000 years ago

45
Q

When were the gospels written?

A

until two ro three generations after the death of Jesus

46
Q

When were scriptures canonized in Christianity?

A

the third century

47
Q

What do the Muslims believe that the Qur’an is?

A

A collection of God’s literal words revealed to the prophet Muhammad by an angel, recorded by scribes,and compiled as a book after his death.

48
Q

How must a religion be understood?

A

in its singularity

49
Q

Why do we study religion (4 reasons)?

A
  • Humans in general have been religious from time to time
  • people organized their communities around religious identities
  • people seek to create or change social norms out of religious convictions
  • religion demands our attention regardless of whether or not it plays a direct role in our lives

RLST112 (29 decks)

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