Beliefs and Practices: Islam Flashcards
What are the basic beliefs and practices of Islam outlined in?
The doctrine of the Five Pillars
What does the Five Pillars summarize?
The general principles the constitute Muslim creed and practices.
With the exception of the first, the five pillars are all rites of___.
worship
What summarizes the whole concept of Islamic theology?
the give pillars
True or false: regardless of Islamic sect, Muslims all share the five pillars.
true
What are the Five Pillars?
- Shahada
- Salat
- Fasting
- Zakat
- Hajj
What is Pillar 1, Shahada?
The declaration of God’s oneness and the prophetic mission of Muhammad.
What is Pillar 2, Salat?
The five daily prayers
What is Pillar 3, Fasting?
In the month of Ramadan on the Islamic lunar calendar.
What is Pilar 4, Zakat?
Sharing one’s wealth with the less fortunate.
What is Pillar 5, Hajj?
The performance of pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime.
What does Shahada mean?
“testimony,” “witness”
What is the following from: “I bear witness there is no god but God, and I also bear witness Muhammad is His messenger.”
Shahada
What are some of the roles of Shahada?
Parents whisper it in the ear of they knew born children, on their deathbed, Muslims re expected to utter shahada for the last time.
How does one become a Mslim?
Uttering the statement in the presence of three Muslim witnesses renders one a Muslim and entitles to rights and Islamic duties
What is a call to pray?
Shahada
What is the entrance into Islam?
shahada
When are the 5 daily prayers obligatory for a Muslim?
once they reach puberty
What do the five daily prayers symbolize?
the believer’s humility before God
True of false: The Qur’an does not explicitly specify the details of prayer, but Muslims have al practical information from the hadith.
true
Where can the five daily prayers be performed?
In any clean place, but Muslims are recommended to perform them in congregation (mosque, prayer hall)
What determines when the five daily prayers are performed?
all determined by the movement of the sun
What do Muslims read during prayer?
passages from the Qur’an
What must Muslims do in order to perform prayer?
Muslims have to make ritual ablution using clean water. If there is no water available, one may use dust or sand.
What is the prayer announced by?
the call to prayer (adman)
What is adman?
In islam is similar to church bell in christianity
True or False: Islamic law is not the law of the state.
true
What is the purpose of the month of Ramadan?
to remind Muslims of they spiritual discipline
What is the exact number of days of fasting in Ramadan determined by?
sighting the new moon which marks the beginning and the end of month (29-30 days)
What is one prohibited from doing during fasting?
One is prohibited from eating, drinking, and having sexual intercourse during the daytime
What are actions that may invalidate fasting?
Breaking an oath, smoking, deliberate seminal emission, etc.
What happens if you are exempt from fasting for various reasons (ex. sick, traveling, nursing, menstruating or pregnant)
They have to make up the days they are not fasting at different times
What marks the end of Ramadan?
Eid Festival
What is the Eid?
A social celebration during which Muslims pray in a congregation, dress in their finest clothes, visit each other, exchange gifts, and have meals together.
What is Zakat?
An obligatory payment imposed on certain category of property and income
What is the purpose of Zakat?
To remind Muslims that their wealth is not an end in and of itself
Where was Zakat practice institutionalized?
After the prophet’s migration to Medina
What is the function of zakat in premodern society?
similar to that of modern states, that is, to provide social security for community
___may collect zakat, but they have no authority;power to determine the amount of due zakat.
rulers/caliph
What is the amount of obligatory zakat?
2.5% of the annual income exceeding th minimum threshold (nisab)
What is the nisab in grams of gold or its cash equivalent.
87.48
Who are the recipients of Zakat?
The poor and indigent, orphans, widows, ta collectors, slaves who seek to purchase freedom but do no shave sufficient funds, debaters, volunteers, and travellers.
What are Muslims expected to practices in addition to the obligatory zakat?
Voluntary alms giving (sadaqah). The recipient may be anyone in need.
What is Hajj
The annual pilgrimage to Mecca, the birthplace of Islam.
How many times must Muslims do Hajj?
It is prescribed in the Qur’an and is required for all free adult Muslims once in their lifetime.
What is the purpose of Hajj?
The purpose is to remind people of the larger and extremely diverse community to which they belong, and at the same time to the element of its unity.
What does Hajj symbolize?
Unity and solidarity of all Muslims across the globe that they are in one community of believers.
Who is exempt from the performance of Hajj?
Muslims who are financially incapable, facing hardship to travel, r no tin good health.
Wha ti sShari’a?
The rituals that are summarized in the doctrine of the Five Pillars are understood to be God’s law (Shari’a)
True of False: God’s law isn’t codified.
true
What was Shari’a defined by in pre-modern Islam?
by Muslim jurists
Why is the verdict issues by the Muslim jurists (fuqaha) referred to?
fatwa
Is the Qur’an a legal code or book of law?
no
Is Fatwa binding?
no
God’s law is___than “law proper” (commercial, criminal, contract).
broader
True or False: Qur’an is not the book of law, but Muslims define law from the Qur’an and the hadith.
true
What is the concept of Shari’a law similar to?
common law
What does the hadith mean?
news, reports
What does Hadith of the Prophet mean?
reports about the Prophet Muhammad’s actions, saying, and practices throughout twenty two years of his misison
How was Hadith preserved before being canonized as hadith collection?
preserved in memory as an oral tradition
What is hadith seen as parallel to?
The Gospels, which documented the life, words, and acts of Jesus
In what way is the Qur’an parallel to Jesus?
Both represent God’s word
