Medieval Christianity

Question 1

When did Christianity experience a decline? When did this last until?

Answer 1

• year of 600
• continued until the mid-tenth century
• revival did occur, but by 950 Christianity was far less prominent in the West than it had been in 500

Question 2

What were internal factors that contributed to the decline of Christianity?

Answer 2

the various forms of corruption and poor leadership

Question 3

What were 2 external factors that contributed to the decline of Christianity?

Answer 3

• the decline of the Roman Empire and the ending soil-political and economic turmoil
• Islam’s rise to power in the Mediterranean and parts of Europe

Question 4

What led to Christianities stability and expansion?

Answer 4

• near the end of the tenth century, there was no long incursion of Muslims int the Western christendom

Question 5

What did stability result in for Christianity?

Answer 5

Was conducive to economic growth,d development of state and commerce,and an increase in the number of population and of cities

Question 6

When did Christianity establish in Scandinavia: Denmark, Norway, parts of Sweden, Iceland, and Greenland?

Answer 6

Between 950 and 1050

Question 7

When were Czech, Poles, and Hungarians Christianized?

Answer 7

between 950 and 1050

Question 8

When did Christians “recover” norther Spain and Sicily from Muslims?

Answer 8

between 950 and 1050

Question 9

By__all inhabitants of Western and Central Europe thought of themselves as Christians.

Answer 9

1050

Question 10

By___most of Europe had converted to Christianity, except for the Lithuanians, the Finns, and the remaining Jewish and Muslim communities in Spain.

Answer 10

1350

Question 11

When did the devout christians begin to make pilgrimage to Jerusalem?

Answer 11

as earl as the fourth century

Question 12

What did Christian piety, by St. Paul state?

Answer 12

“Christians ought to comfort themselves as pilgrims and strangers on earth.

Question 13

Why did Church authorities often require persons guilty of sis to go on pilgrimage to the Holy Land?

Answer 13

as part of penance they owed to god

Question 14

What did invasion of the christian warriors to the Holy Land (the crushes) begin as?

Answer 14

pilgrimage

Question 15

What happened after the Arab Muslims captured Jerusalem in 637?

Answer 15

Christians still lived there and were tolerated.

Question 16

When did journey to the Holy Land become increasingly dangerous?

Answer 16

After the Turkish invasion of Syria and Palestine

Question 17

What resulted from the Turkish invasion of Syria and Palestine, using the journey to the Holy Land to become increasingly dangerous?

Answer 17

• Pilgrims, who had previously travelled as individuals or in small groups, commenced to join together in larger band.
• they began to bring along horse sin order to escape from perilous situations and to carry weapons to fight off assailants.

Question 18

How did the pope react when Muslim armies bega to invade Western Europe in the eighth century?

Answer 18

recruiting armies to repel them.

Question 19

After how many years of trying, did Christian leaders succeed in repelling Muslims?

Answer 19

seven hundred

Question 20

When did the first crusade start?

Answer 20

1095

Question 21

When did Jerusalem fall to the crusaders?

Answer 21

1099

Question 22

When did the centralized unit of crusaders begin to loose?

Answer 22

Following the Byzantine’s attempt to take full control of the Western crusader armies.

Question 23

Describe the history of the Crusades in the Near East?

Answer 23

• boundaries between Crusaders and Muslim terrifies and culture were quite open
• friendship and cultural exchange common

Question 24

How did Frankish rulers and princess in Anatolia and Syria defend their interests from Christian rivals?

Answer 24

ally themselves with local Muslims

Question 25

True or False: many crusaders residing in the East gradual “went native,” assimilating themselves culturally and socially into local life.

Answer 25

true

Question 26

What happened when the crusaders left Palestine in 1291?

Answer 26

They took with them Near Eastern tradition (language, culture, food, dress) more than what they left behind.

Question 27

When was the emergence heretical movements to Christianity?

Answer 27

12th century

Question 28

What is the period of heresy known as?

Answer 28

the period of the Inquisitions

Question 29

Describe the period of the Inquisitions.

Answer 29

• the prices unfolded in various regions over hundreds of years, ranging from excommunication (exclusion from the community) to execution
• the use of force and torture was possible since the church was closely aligned with the secular power

Question 30

What are the Cathar movement in Southern France, the Waldensian movement in northern Italy, southern France all examples of?

Answer 30

the Inquisition

Question 31

what are Cathars?

Answer 31

• the Cathars, or the “pure one” was a Christian dualist movement developed by ascetic priests.
• the movement was extremely successful in attracting female followers because of its photo-feminist theology
• the Cathars were deemed heretical

Question 32

Who did the Cathars adopt theology similar to?

Answer 32

Arianism

Question 33

What happened to the Cathars?

Answer 33

Members were expelled, burn alive. Their books were also burnt

Question 34

How did the Waldensian movement acquire its name?

Answer 34

Named after Peter Waldo, a wealthy merchant who gave away his property and preached apostolic poverty to the population.

Question 35

In___the Waldensian movement was declared heretical. In___, ___Waldensians were burt as heretics. The persecution even continued until the___century.

Answer 35

• 1184
• 1211
• 80
• 17th

Question 36

What was the Spanish Inquisition?

Answer 36

In 1478, the Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabell wished to ensure orthodoxy of those concerted from Judaism and Islam.

Question 37

Spanish Inquisition: How many people were charged with crime by the Inquisitor? How many executed?

Answer 37

• 150 000

- 2000

Question 38

Wo issued a pala bull calling for the eradication of witchcraft?

Answer 38

Pope Innocent VIII on the requires of a German Dominican, Heinrich Kraemer

Question 39

When did witchcraft accusations continue until?

Answer 39

the 17th century Christian experience in Massachusetts.

Question 40

What did Kraemer argue witchcraft was to blame for?

Answer 40

bad weather

Question 41

When did the first Christian global mission start? Who?

Answer 41

• 1793

- William Carey ad his gamily left for India

Question 42

Like Islam, Christianity has always been a___religion.

Answer 42

missionary

Question 43

What are 4 common missionary teachings and practices?

Answer 43

1. Commitment to the view that the religion of the miss ionized people were the work of the devil
2. The Europeans were superior; indigenous people were in need of both education and civilization
3. Emphasis on preaching a gospel of conversion and distributing Bible.
4. Translation of the Christian scriptures – to Asia and Southeast Asian languages.

Question 44

When did both Protestant and Catholic missionaries actively promote Christianity to their own society? This was the same time that colonial churches in Canada, the US, and Australia collaborated with the government to promote assimilation of indigenous nations.

Answer 44

By the Third Awakening (c. 1850)