Patient Assessment Mod 1 Review Flashcards
What is the expected role of the RT
–promote lung health and wellness
–patient medication and education
–assess the patient for cardiopulmonary statues
Where are the majority of RTs employed?
–hospitals
–long term care
–home care
–clinics
– nursing homes: nursing skill facilities
–acute care
Who is the “ father of medicine?
–Hippocrates
What were RTs first called
–inhalation therapist
–tank junkies
What was the primary duties?
–deliver oxygen
When did the term Respiratory Therapist become standard
–In 1974
Who developed the ability to produce oxygen on a large-scale?
–In 1907, Carl Von Linde
What was the AARC first called?
–Inhalation Therapy Association
What year did it become AARC
–in 1982
What is the ALSRC
–is the Alabama Society for Respiratory Care
NBRC stands for?
–is the National Boards for Respiratory Care
– they do the boards exams
– to take the board exams you must pass from a CoARC school
CoARC stands for?
–Commission on Accreditation for Respiratory Care
–they do accreditation for the program specifically for school programs
– they tell what the school needs to do to pass the boards exams
–deals with competence
ASBRT stands for?
–Alabama State Board of Respiratory Care
Which organization develops the board exams?
– the NBRC
– What is the purpose of the board exams
–it shows the minimal standards of competence
–must graduate from the CoARC program and prove that you have learned from the school
What is the role/responsibility of the Medical Director
–The supervision of all Respiratory Therapist in the department in the hospital
What does the term licensure refer to?
–getting approval to practice Respiratory Therapy
Who is the Joint Commission?
–is the accreditation for hospitals
–they inspect hospital to make sure they are doing what they are supposed to do by the standards that are established
Who is the CMS?
–is the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services
What is the PDSA?
–is the plan that one gets closer to that difficult to achieve “perfect” product or service
–P: Plan Phase; determine the specific goal, duration, data collection strategy, and the team that will run the quality improvement process
–D: Do Phase; the intervention has begun, so collect data and record the observations
–S: Study Phase; the observations are analyzed and derive conclusions
–A: Act Phase; modifications are made in the process for improvement, act for the next cycle
What is the Six Sigma: DMAIC
–this method is based on the improvement to existing processes
–D: Define: describes and validate the problem, create solutions, create a process map and timeline for completion of the project
–M: Measure; identify metrics, develop data collection plan, collect baseline data
–A: Analyze; evaluate collected data in the measure phase, determine root causes for the problem, and estimate the relative impact of each
–I: Improve; discuss, develop, and implement solutions to the root causes, confirm that the intervention is well targeted
–C: Control; continue to implement solutions and follow metrics to ensure maintenance and adoption
What is Lean Management
– is a business management philosophy that focuses on eliminating waste or non-value-added activities
–eliminating waste of time, excess work, and unevenness of product are the goal
What does electrical shock do to the heart?
–most sensitive
– if the heart is not working correctly the electrical shock helps it get back in a rhythm
What elements are needed for fire
–oxygen it’s self is not flammable but it is combustible
– fuel
–heat source
what does RACE stand for?
–R: rescue
–A: alert
–C: contain
–E: evacuate
what does PASS stand for
–P: pull
–A: aim
–S: squeeze
–S: sweep
what can you do to improve listening skills
–minimal distractions, you want to listen to the patient
–active listening
–maintain composer
–contain your emotions
–no judgement
–ask questions / keep an open mind
–hear the speaker out before making evaluations
What is the two patient identifier system
– make sure to ask for the patients name and DOB before doing any kind of treatment
–for safety
what transmits infections most in healthcare
–humans spread infections
What is the first step in equipment processing
–cleaning
What is Cleaning?
– to get rid of all the visible stuff off the equipment
what is Disinfecting?
–depends on what the equipment is
–describes a process that destroys the vegetative form of many or all pathogenic organisms except spores
–pasteurization is the most common physical method
–chemical disinfection: involves the application of chemical solutions to contaminated equipment or surfaces, must be immersed for a set period of time
what is Sterilization?
–destroys all microorganisms on the surface article or in a fluid.
–Steam sterilization is the most common
—- its includes ethylene oxide
what special precautions must be taken when a patient has C. DIff
–isolation
–must wash hands with soap and water only
Precautions for TB
–Airborne precautions
–place patient in a negative pressure room
–must wear gloves, 95-mask, gown, and eye protection
Precautions for Measles
-airborne precautions
–place patient in a negative pressure room
–must wear gloves, 95-mask, gown, and eye protection
Precautions for Smallpox
–droplet transmission
–must wear grown, gloves, mask
Precautions for Covid
– droplet transmission
–must wear mask, and gloves
What Rt equipment has a history of being a common source of infection
–nebulizers, ventilators circuits, BVM, and suction equipment
what is Contact precautions
–is the most common route of transmission
–Direct transmission: occurs when the pathogen is transferred directly from one person to another
—–occurs less frequently than indirect contact in the health care environment
–Indirect: involves transfer of a pathogen through a contaminated intermediate object or person
—- it can cause fomites, when instruments have not been cleaned properly
what is Droplet precautions
–a form of transmission via respiratory droplets in the air
–large, contaminated droplets into the air by coughing, sneezing, or talking, suctioning, and bronchoscopy
–examples: smallpox. and SARS
what is Standard precautions
–the simplest level of infection control based on the recognition that all blood, body, fluids, secretions, and excretions may contain transmissible infectious agents.
what is Airborne Precautions
–occurs via the spread of small airborne droplet nuclei
–can remain suspended in the air for long periods and travel further distances
–patient is places negative pressure room
–examples: Chickenpox, and measles
–must wear: gloves, eye protection, gown, and N-95
Describe 5 key components of an infection prevention program
–Surveillance: is an ongoing process of monitoring patients and health care personal for the acquisition of infection
–Investigation: use microbiology-based data including resistance patterns for pathogens of significance
–Prevention: establishments of risk stratification for infection risk when available
–Control: monitoring the results prospectively and identifying trends indicating unusual rates of infection or transmission
–Reporting: provide feedback to stakeholders within the institution
What is Ethics
–one of the disciplines of philosophy which primarily concerned with the question of how should act
–respect the humanity in persons
What is the goal of Ethics
–to determine what is right and wrong
How does Ethics affect healthcare
–the rationing of care, dealing with conflicts associated with third party, imposed standards of care, and delivery of the appropriate standard of care.
–Staffing issues
What is patient privacy so important
–to respect the secrets which are confidential
–to protect the patients’ rights
What is the AARC Code of Ethics
–this code seeks to establish parameters of behavior for members of profession
What is Nonmaleficence?
–requires healthcare providers to avoid harming patients
What is Autonomy?
–acknowledges the personal liberty of patients and their right to decide their own course of treatment and follow through on a plan on which the patient agrees
–informed consent
–veracity is often associated with autonomy
What is Justice?
–involves fair distribution of care
– balance must be found between health care expenses and ability to pay
What is Role Fidelity
–an RT must have a Phyician to give orders on what to do
–practitioners must understand limits of role and practice with fidelity
What is Benevolent Deception
–when the truth is withheld from the patient for supposedly his or her own good
When is it ok to Breach Confidentiality?
–in certain situations, when health care workers are permitted to share patient’s medical information with other
What is Distributive Justice
– rationing of health care services
What actions are involved in making an Ethical decision
– Formalism: relies on rules and principles
–Consequentialism: in which decisions are based on the assessment of consequences
–Virtue Ethics: asks what a virtuous person would do in a similar circumstance
–Intuitionism: when intuition is involved in the decision-making process
What is Civil Law
–protects private citizens and organizations from others who might seek to take unfair advantages
–concerned with the recognition of enforcement with the rights and duties of private individuals
–most common with hospitals
What is Administrative Law
– consists of regulations set by government agencies
What is Criminal Law
–deal with acts or offenses against the welfare or safety of the public
What is Negligence
–is the failure to perform one’s duties competently
How do you prove Negligence
–All 4 torts must be claimed:
—the practitioner owes a duty to the patient
–the practitioner breaches that duty
–the breach of duty was the cause of damages
–damage or harm came to the patient
What is HIPPA?
–Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
What are economic damages that can be imposed during a negligence lawsuit?
– awarded for economic loss
–medical expenses are paid for
What is CCO?
–corporate compliance officer
what is the role of the CCO?
–oversees hospitals business practices and ensures conformity law
–they allow for employees to report a wrong doing from another worker that could be causing harm to a patient
What is the NLRA?
–the National Labor Relations Act
What does the NLRA do for the RTs
–protects workers when he or she engages in an act that would benefit all employees
what does VAP stand for
–Ventilator associated program
what does CLABSI stand for?
–central line associated bloodstream
what does CAUTI stand for?
–catheter associated urinary tract
what does IVACs stand for?
–infection related ventilator associated complications
what does PVAP stand for?
–possible ventilator associated pneumonia
what does PEEP stand for?
–positive end expiratory pressure
