CH. 3 Administration of Aerosolized Agents

Question 1

What is aerosol

Answer 1

is a suspension of solid or liquid particles within a gas

Question 2

Aerosol Therapy

Answer 2

-humidification of dry-inspired gases
-improved mobilization and clearance of respiratory secretions
-delivery of aerosolized drugs to the respiratory tract

Question 3

Disadvantages of Aerosol

Answer 3

-numerous variables affect the dose
-dose estimation and dose reproducibility are inconsistent
-difficulty in coordination of hand action and breathing
-Many different device types

Question 4

Aerosol Stability

Answer 4

the tendency of an aerosol to remain in susoension

Question 5

Aerosol Penetration

Answer 5

how far into the lungs the aerosol particles travel

Question 6

Aerosol Deposition

Answer 6

the aerosol particles falling out of suspension and remaining in the lung

Question 7

Aerosol Gravitational sedimentation

Answer 7

last five or six airway generation

Question 8

Aerosol Inertial Impaction

Answer 8

the impacting of aerosol particles in airway walls because of inertial energy

Question 9

Breathing Pattern

Answer 9

Only about 10-50% of drug gets into the lung

Question 10

Fast Breathing

Answer 10

cause turbulence that favors inertial impaction and deposition

Question 11

Slow Breathing

Answer 11

produces more laminar flow and results in deeper penetration of the aerosol particles

Question 12

Small Volume Nebulizer (SVN)

Answer 12

-Administers liquid medication as aerosols
-powered by compressed gas or electrical
-lasts several minutes or can be continuous

Question 13

Jet Nebulizers with Reservoir tube

Answer 13

-traditional, most common, least expensive
-Aerosol is dispensed during inhalation, breath hold, and exhalation
-Much aerosol is lost
-10-20% of drug is inhaled

Question 14

Jet Nebulizers with Collection bag

Answer 14

-Produces aerosol by continuously filling a collection bag
-No aerosol is lost due to the one-way valve

Question 15

Enhanced Jet Nebulizers

Answer 15

–More aerosol release during inspiration with decreased output during exhalation or breath-hold
– 2 one-way valves used to prevent the loss of aerosol to the environment

Question 16

Actuated Jet Nebulizer

Answer 16

-Release aerosol only during inspiration
-Increase aerosol drug delivery to the patient
-Can be manual breath-actuated
-Mechanical breath actuated

Question 17

Mesh Nebulizers

Answer 17

-Delivers up to 60% of dose to lungs
-low dead volume
-no diluent
-Short treatment time

Question 18

Ultrasonic Nebulizer

Answer 18

-Capable of high output
-Not used much

Question 19

Factors that Affect SVN

Answer 19

-Dead volume
-Filling volume and treatment time
-Effect of flow rate
-Type of power gas
-Device interface
Type of solution

Question 20

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)

Answer 20

-Most common
-Small and portable
-Propellant inside a canister filled with medication
—CFCs- bad for the environment, no longer on the market
—HFA- safer for the ozone layer
-Used with a reservoir
-Sprayed at a high flow rate

Question 21

Breath Actuated MDI

Answer 21

Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler- propellant-free, does not need to be shaken

Question 22

Factors affecting MDI

Answer 22

Timing of actuation intervals
Loss of dose
shaking canister
open mouth versus closed mouth used
loss of prime
storage temperature

Question 23

Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI)

Answer 23

-Deliver drug in powder form to the lungs
-No propellant, breath-actuated
-Small and portable
-Patient need high flow rate

Question 24

Choosing an Appropriate device

Answer 24

Patient or clinical preference
Convenience of device
Practicality of device
durability of device
cost and reimursement
drug availability

Question 25

Appropriate to use MDI

Answer 25

-with holding chamber
-patient must be able to follow instructions

Question 26

Appropriate to use SVN

Answer 26

-a patient cannot follow directions
-respiratory pattern unstable
-unable to take a slow, deep breath with an inspiratory hold