CH.5 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System Flashcards
Circulatory System consists of
–blood
–heart
–vascular system
Blood composition
–whole blood consists of variety of specialized cells
–formed elements: suspended in liquid matrix, and plasma
–makes up approximately 8% of total body weight
Blood
–average total blood volume in adult male: 5-6 L
average total blood volume in adult female: 4-5 L
–Formed elements make up approximately 45% of total blood volume
–plasma make up approximately 55% of total blood volume
Function of Blood
– transports oxygen to tissue cells and carbon dioxide to lungs
–transport nutrients and waste products
–transports processed molecules from one part of body to another
–transport regulatory hormones and enzymes
–regulate pH and osmosis
–maintain body temperature
–protect against foreign substances
–form clots
Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
–transports oxygen from lungs to tissues
–transports carbon dioxide from tissue cells to longs
– in normal adult, number ranges between 4.2 and 6.2 million per each millimeter of blood
Hematocrit
–percentage in relation to total blood volume
–in normal adult male: approx. 45 %
in normal adult female: approx. 42%
–in healthy newborn: ranges from 45 to 60 percent
Hemoglobin
–transport oxygen from lungs to tissue cells
–transport carbo dioxide from tissue cells to lungs
WBCs: Leukocytes
–protect body against invading microorganisms
–classifies as either granulocytes or agranulocytes
Granulocytes
–Neutrophils
–Eosinophils
–Basophils
Agranulocytes
–Lymphocytes
–Monocytes
WBCs
–Normal average number ranges between 5,000 and 9,000 cells/mm3
–Leukocytosis: overall increase in number of WBCs
–Leukopenia: overall decrease in number of WBCs
–component if one of the most useful and frequently performed diagnostic blood test
–CBC: complete blood count
Heart
