Pathopharm 2- Exam 1 Flashcards
Which bone cells produce osteocalcin when stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and synthesize osteoid?
a. Osteoclasts
b. Osteocytes
c. Fibrocytes
d. Osteoblasts
d. Osteoblasts
What happens to the original bone during the second phase of bone remodeling?
a. The original bone is replaced.
b. It hardens.
c. The original bone is resorbed.
d. It is synthesized.
c. The original bone is resorbed.
Which cells function to maintain bone matrix?
a. Osteoclasts
b. Osteocytes
c. Osteoblasts
d. Osteophytes
b. Osteocytes
Which bone cells are large and multinucleated and contain lysosomes filled with hydrolytic enzymes?
a. Osteoblasts
b. Osteoclasts
c. Osteocytes
d. Fibrocytes
b. Osteoclasts
Which bone cell secretes hydrochloric acid to help dissolve bone minerals and collagenase, thus aiding in the digestion of collagen?
a. Osteocytes
b. Osteoblasts
c. Osteoclasts
d. Osteophytes
c. Osteoclasts
Which glucoprotein is believed to inhibit calcium phosphate precipitation and play a part in bone resorption by recruiting osteoclasts?
a. Osteocalcin
b. Osteonectin
c. Laminin
d. Osteopontin
a. Osteocalcin
Which glucoprotein is thought to transport essential elements such as hormones, ions, and other metabolites to and from the bone cells?
a. Osteocalcin
b. Osteonectin
c. Laminin
d. Bone albumin
d. Bone albumin
How is the work function of a muscle usually calculated?
a. Muscle type
b. Calculating force x distance
c. Foot pounds
d. Kilograms
b. Calculating force x distance
What is the basic structural unit in compact bone?
a. Small channels called canaliculi
b. Osteocytes within the lacunae
c. Tiny spaces within the lacunae
d. Haversian system
d. Haversian system
Which part of an injured joint becomes insensitive to pain and regenerates slowly and minimally?
a. Synovium
b. Articular cartilage
c. Bursa
d. Tendon
b. Articular cartilage
The outer layer of the periosteum contains blood vessels and nerves that penetrate the inner structures of the bone by way of which structure?
a. Volkmann canals
b. Canaliculi
c. Sharpey canals
d. Trabeculae
a. Volkmann canals
What is the function of Sharpey fibers?
a. To anchor the outer layer of the periosteum to the inner layer
b. To contain blood vessels and nerves on the outer layer of the periosteum
c. To help attach tendons and ligaments to the periosteum
d. To attach muscles to the periosteum
c. To help attach tendons and ligaments to the periosteum
The student learns that after puberty, the epiphyseal plate calcifies and the epiphysis merges with which structure?
a. Epiphyseal line
b. Epiphyseal plate
c. Metaphysis
d. Articular cartilage
c. Metaphysis
The stage of healing in the bone that involves procallus formation entails which process?
a. Formation of a hematoma that allows the development of a fibrin network
b. Production of granulation tissue by fibroblasts, capillary buds, and osteoblasts
c. Development of a primitive bone matrix termed woven bone
d. Remodeling of the periosteal and endosteal bone surfaces
b. Production of granulation tissue by fibroblasts, capillary buds, and osteoblasts
The professor asks a student to describe the movement of a diarthrosis joint. What answer by the student is best?
a. Immovable joint
b. Slightly moveable
c. Variable movement
d. Freely moveable
d. Freely moveable
Which type of joint holds teeth in the maxilla or mandible?
a. Amphiarthrosis
b. Diarthrosis
c. Synarthrosis
d. Gomphosis
d. Gomphosis
The hyaline cartilage joints between the ribs and sternum are examples of which type of joint?
a. Synchondrosis
b. Symphysis
c. Gomphosis
d. Syndesmosis
a. Synchondrosis
The joint that contains a synovial membrane that lines the inner joint capsule is an example of which type of joint?
a. Amphiarthrosis
b. Diarthrosis
c. Synarthrosis
d. Biarthrosis
b. Diarthrosis
What is the function of the synovial membrane’s type A cells within the intima?
a. To release mast cells, initiating the inflammatory process after joint injury
b. To ingest and remove bacteria and debris by phagocytosis in the joint cavity
c. To secrete hyaluronate, a binding agent that gives synovial fluid its viscous quality
d. To store fat cells and glycogen, providing adenosine triphosphate for joint activity
b. To ingest and remove bacteria and debris by phagocytosis in the joint cavity
What anchors articular cartilage to the underlying bone?
a. Sharpey fibers
b. Collagen fibers
c. Glycoproteins
d. Elastin fibers
b. Collagen fibers
What controls the movement of synovial fluid through cartilage?
a. Cartiloregulins
b. Hyaluronate
c. Proteoglycans
d. Chondroitin
c. Proteoglycans
Which statement indicates that a student needs more information about muscles?
a. Muscle comprises 50% of an adult’s body weight and 40% of a child’s body weight.
b. Muscle is 75% water, 20% protein, and 5% organic and inorganic compounds.
c. Muscle contains 32% of all protein stores for energy and metabolism.
d. Muscles are encased in fascia.
a. Muscle comprises 50% of an adult’s body weight and 40% of a child’s body weight.
Which characteristic of type II (white fast-motor) muscle fibers does the student learn?
a. Slow contraction speed
b. Fast conduction velocities
c. Profuse capillary supply
d. Oxidative metabolism
b. Fast conduction velocities
As the innervation ratio of a particular organ increases, what other property also increases?
a. Control
b. Movement
c. Coordination
d. Endurance
d. Endurance