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Ane Class Practice > CVT Exam- 1 > Flashcards

CVT Exam- 1 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F:
PDE inhibitors work on arterial and venous by vasodilating through blocking the metabolism of cGMP.

A

a. True

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2
Q

Your patient has a history of moderate aortic stenosis. You know you should avoid:
a. tachycardia
b. Decreased SVR
c. Increased afterload
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

A

d. All of the above

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3
Q

Your patient has afib and rales. With dilated cardiomyopathy, you should avoid increased high volume fluids and ______.

A

Decreased afterload

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4
Q

Large V waves on your CVP indicate:?
a. Mitral or tricuspid regurg
b. Complete AV block
c. Junctional rhythm

A

a. Mitral or tricuspid regurg

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5
Q

T/F:
Predisposition to LV failure: elderly, LV hypertrophy, etc ?

A

True

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6
Q

Which of the following is not part of eccentric hypertrophy?
a. Thickened ventricular wall
b. Aortic regurgurgitation
c. Mitral regurgurgitation

A

a. Thickened ventricular wall

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7
Q

T/F:
Dobutamine increases myocardial oxygen demand. An dobutamine stress echo can be used to diagnose myocardial ischemia

A

a. True

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8
Q

Which is the least likely to be used during an MI due to its increase for myocardial oxygen?
a. Epi
b. Norepi
c. Dopamine
d. Dobutamine

A

d. Dobutamine

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9
Q

Cardiac output decreased due to which factor?
a. Low calcium
b. Increased afterload
c. Increased preload

A

a. Low calcium

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10
Q

Which reflex works in the atria to increase HR and decrease BP?
a. Bainbridge
b. BJ
c. Celiac

A

a. Bainbridge

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11
Q

Which is not a factor of myocardial oxygenation ?
A. ANS
B. Somatic nervous system
C. Local metabolism

A

B. Somatic nervous system

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12
Q

Which patients are most likely to have HF with preserved EF?
a. 80 something year old lady with 30 BMI with afib
b. 70 something year old man with 40 BMI with aortic regurgitation
c. 50 something year old with 40 BMI
d. 30 something year old with OSA high BMI

A

a. 80 something year old lady with 30 BMI with afib
b. 70 something year old man with 40 BMI with aortic regurgitation

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13
Q
  1. Mix and match waveforms for PA cath:
    a. Wedge pressure
    b. R atrium
    c. R ventricle
    d. Pulm artery
A
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14
Q

What vessel runs posterior on the heart branching off of the left coronary?
a. LAD
b. Circumflex
c. Interior descending

A

b. Circumflex

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15
Q
  1. What is the bottom left corner of the PV loop?
    a. Opening of mitral valve
    b. Closing of mitral valve
    c. Opening of aortic valve
    d. Closing of aortic valve
A

a. Opening of mitral valve

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16
Q

SATA: what is true regarding the Pressure Volume loop? (select 2)
a. Y axis is pressure
b. X axis is volume
c. Its measured over time

A

a. Y axis is pressure
b. X axis is volume
c. Its measured over time

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17
Q

What two factors (similar to ejection fraction of the left ventricle) contribute to the EF of the left atrium?
a. Compliance
b. Contraction
c. Afterload
d. Preload

A

b. Contraction
d. Preload

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18
Q

SATA: what is true about preload?
a. Same as LVEDV
b. Pressure left in the LV at diastole
c. Same as SVR
d. Pressure the ventricle must overcome to open the aorta

A

a. Same as LVEDV
b. Pressure left in the LV at diastole

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19
Q

SATA: what is true about afterload?
a. Same as SVR
b. Pressure the ventricle must overcome to open the aorta
c. Same as LVEDV
d. Pressure left in the LV at diastole

A

a. Same as SVR
b. Pressure the ventricle must overcome to open the aorta

20
Q

What is true about baroreceptors? (Pick 2)
a. Mediated in the aortic arch and carotid by glossopharyngeal and vagus
b. Valsalva maneuver can be used to ID patients at risk for ANS instability

A

a. Mediated in the aortic arch and carotid by glossopharyngeal and vagus
b. Valsalva maneuver can be used to ID patients at risk for ANS instability

21
Q

What wave form on the CVP waveform represents atrial filling and late systole?
a. V-wave

A

a. V-wave

22
Q

What is the cholinergic response on the SA node?
a. Bradycardia
b. Tachycardia

A

a. Bradycardia

23
Q

What does C represent? in flow volume loop?
a. Aortic stenosis
b. Mitral stenosis
c. Mitral regurg
d. Aortic regurg

A

a. Aortic stenosis

24
Q

Your patient has been on a nitroprusside drip for 14 hours after an open heart procedure. The nurses have maxed out the drip to try and keep the SBP <150. What two things should you do?
a. Switch to nitroglycerine
b. Get a STAT ABG

A

a. Switch to nitroglycerine
b. Get a STAT ABG

25
Q

Another PV loop: what represents but for E ?
a. Aortic regurgitation

A

a. Aortic regurgitation

26
Q

Which beta adrenergic blocker is not metabolized by the liver and must be decreased in renal disease?
a. Atenolol
b. Carvedilol
c. Metoprolol
d. Propranolol

A

a. Atenolol

27
Q

Which is an adrenergic antagonist?
a. Yohimbine
b. Nitroglycerin

A

a. Yohimbine

28
Q

Which is a sympathetic stimulant?
a. Dexmedetomidine
b. Atropine

A

a. Dexmedetomidine

29
Q

What is the t wave on the ECG?
a. Ventricular repolarization
b. AV conduction
c. Delay of something

A

a. Ventricular repolarization

30
Q

Which of the following laws has to do with photo pulse oximetry?

A

a. Beer Lambert

31
Q

SATA: Laplace states:
a. Myocardial thickening is a compensatory mechanism from wall stress
b. Wall tension has an inverse relationship with wall thickness
c. Myocardial oxygen demand significantly decreases with stress

A

a. Myocardial thickening is a compensatory mechanism from wall stress
b. Wall tension has an inverse relationship with wall thickness

32
Q

PMI most correlates with what phase?
a. S1
b. S2
c. S3
d. S4

A

a. S1

33
Q

SATA: What do you want with CAD?
a. Maintain hypertension
b. Achieve hypotension
c. Tachycardia
d. Bradycardia
e. Increase contractility

A

a. Maintain hypertension
d. Bradycardia

34
Q

Most vulnerable to ischemia?
a. Subendocardium
b. Epicardium
c. Subepicardium

A

a. Subendocardium

35
Q

Which of the following is Not true regarding coronary blood flow?
a. The LV is perfused mostly during systole
b. The right atrium is supplied by the LCA LAD
c. The RV RA LA are perfused during systole and diastole

A

a. The LV is perfused mostly during systole

36
Q

SATA: What is true regarding PA catheters?
a. Sits in the third zone of west
b. Fed through the R ventricular outflow
c. Fed through the L ventricular outflow
d. Must be pulled back with a CABG

A

a. Sits in the third zone of west
b. Fed through the R ventricular outflow

37
Q

T/F:
Sympathetic nervous system innervates only one organ or organ system?

A

False

38
Q

T/F:
LV function is typically measured using ejection fraction?

A

a. True

39
Q

During what phase do calcium channels open?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3

A

c. 2

40
Q

How does the heart compensate for CAD?
a. Increasing CPP
b. Increasing CBF

A

b. Increasing CBF

41
Q

Large V-waves on the CVP waveform would indicate what?
A. Mitral or tricuspid regurgitation
B. Diastolic dysfunction
C. Junctional Block

A

A. Mitral or tricuspid regurgitation

42
Q

What is the afferent limb of the oculocardiac reflex?
a. Vagus
b. Oculomotor
c. Trigeminal

A

c. Trigeminal

43
Q

SATA:Which of the following occur during diastole of the cardiac cycle? (Select 4)
A. Dicrotic notch
B. LV pressure increases
C. Mitral valve closes
D. Mitral valve opens
E. Increased ventricular volume
F. AV valve open

A

A. Dicrotic notch
D. Mitral valve opens
E. Increased ventricular volume
F. AV valve open

44
Q

T/F:
In Mitral Stenosis the goal is to keep the HR at “high normal” ?

A

False - it is Low normal

45
Q

Which drug crosses the blood brain barrier more readily?
a. Nimodipine
b. Clevidipine
c. Nifedipine
d. Nicardipine

A

a. Nimodipine- helps decrease cerebral vasospasms

Ane Class Practice (27 decks)

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