Cardiac Exam 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 standard windows for POCUS cardiac views?
- Parasternal
- Apical
- Subcostal
Which POCUS view is used primarily to identify Right and Left Ventricular function?
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
- Parasternal Short Axis
Which POCUS view would be left of sternum 3/4 intercostal space and orientation faced towards pts Right shoulder?
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
- Parasternal Long axis
Which POCUS view TEE equivalent is the Midesophageal Long-axis view?
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
- Parasternal Long axis
Which POCUS view TEE equivalent is the Transgastric Short axis view?
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
- Parasternal Short axis
Which POCUS view would the transducer be left of sternum 3/4 intercostal space and orientation faced towards pts Left shoulder?
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
- Parasternal Short axis
Which POCUS view can you identify the Interventricular septum?
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
- Parasternal Short axis
Which POCUS view is the transducer at point of max impulse and pointed towards the pt right shoulder?
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
- Apical 4 chamber
Which 2 POCUS views are the TEE equivalent of the Mid esophageal 4-chamber view? (select 2)
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
- Apical 4 chamber
- Subcostal 4 chamber
Which POCUS view is the patient supine with the transducer midline inferior to the Xiphoid process with knees bent to relax abdomen?
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
- Subcostal 4 chamber
Which POCUS view is used to identify and check patient volume status?
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
5. Subcostal IVC
- Subcostal IVC
Which POCUS view is the TEE equivalent of the Bicaval view?
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
5. Subcostal IVC
- Subcostal IVC
What are the absolute contraindications for a TEE to be done?
Previous esophagectomy
Esophagus obstruction
Esophageal perforation
Current esophageal hemorrhage
Which POCUS view are performed with the patient in Left lateral decubitus position? (select 3)
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
5. Subcostal IVC
- Parasternal Long axis
- Parasternal Short axis
- Apical 4 chamber
Which POCUS view is used to assess Mitral and Aortic Valve lesions?
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
5. Subcostal IVC
- Parasternal Long axis
Which POCUS view is used primarily to assess the R ventricular function?
1. Parasternal Long axis
2. Parasternal Short axis
3. Apical 4 chamber
4. Subcostal 4 chamber
5. Subcostal IVC
- Subcostal 4 chamber
Ventricular action potential phases? Rapid Depolarization (QRS)
Phase 0
Ventricular action potential phases?
Initial Repolarization (QRS)
Phase 1
Ventricular action potential phases?
Plateau phase (QT interval)
Phase 2
Ventricular action potential phases?
Final Repolarization (T wave)
Phase 3
Ventricular action potential phases?
Resting phase (T to QRS)
Phase 4
Which AV nodal reentry tachycardia is this? WPW
- Narrow QRS complex
- Signal through AV node first
Treated with blocking AV node via cardioversion, vagal, adenosine, BB, verapamil or Amiodarone.
- More common 90%
Orthodromic
Which AV nodal reentry tachycardia is this? WPW
- Wide QRS complex
- Signal through accessory pathway first
- more dangerous
- treatment by blocking accessory pathway via cardioversion or procainamide.
- DO not give agents that increase refractory period such as Adenosine, Digoxin, Diltiazem, Verapamil, BB, Lidocaine.
- Less common 10%
Antidromic
What is happening during isovolumetric contraction?
S1
Mitral valve closed
Aortic valve closed
Left ventricular pressure > lap
Systole
