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Abbey MSII Unit 3 > Pathoma 9 and 10. > Flashcards

Pathoma 9 and 10. Flashcards

1
Q

Rhinitis

A

inflammation of nasal mucosa - MCC rhinovirus (adenovirus)

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2
Q

How does rhinitis present?

A

sneezing, congestion, runny nose (common cold)

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3
Q

Allergic rhinitis - characterized by?

A

type I hypersensitivity reaction - eosinophils and associated with asthma and eczema

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4
Q

Nasal polyp

A

protrusion of edematous, inflamed nasal mucosa - secondary to repeated bouts of rhinitis

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5
Q

What are associations with nasal polyp?

A

cystic fibrosis in a child and aspirin-intolerant asthma

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6
Q

What triad is associated with aspirin-intolerant asthma?

A

asthma, aspirin-induced bronchospasms, nasal polyps

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7
Q

angiofibroma

A

benign tumor of nasal mucosa composed of large blood vessels and fibrous tissue - adolescent males

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8
Q

how does angiofibroma typically present?

A

profuse epistaxis (nose bleeds)

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9
Q

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

malignant tumor of nasopharyngeal epithelium

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10
Q

What is nasopharyngeal carcinoma associated with?

A

EBV - seen in african children and chinese adults

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11
Q

What does biopsy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma show?

A

pleomorphic keratin-positive epithelial cells in a background of lymphocytes

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12
Q

what often presents with nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

A

involvement of cervical lymph nodes

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13
Q

acute epiglottitis

A

inflammation of epiglottis

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14
Q

what is the MCC of acute epiglottitis?

A

h influenzae type b - esp in nonimmunized children

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15
Q

how does acute epiglottitis present?

A

high fever, sore throat, drooling with dysphagia, muffled voice, inspiratory stridor, risk for airway obstruction

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16
Q

laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)

A

inflammation of upper airway

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17
Q

MCC laryngotracheobronchitis

A

parainfluenza virus

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18
Q

how does laryngotracheobronchitis present

A

hoarse, “barking” cough and inspiratory stridor

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19
Q

vocal cord nodule due to?

A

excessive use of vocal cords, usually bilateral - resolves with resting voice

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20
Q

what is a vocal cord nodule composed of?

A

degenerative (myxoid) connective tissue

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21
Q

laryngeal papilloma - what is it due to?

A

benign papillary tumor of the vocal cord - due to HPV 6 and 11

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22
Q

how do laryngeal papillomas differ in appearance between children and adults

A

adults = single; children = multiple

23
Q

how does laryngeal papilloma present?

A

hoarseness

24
Q

laryngeal carcinoma

A

squamous cell carcinoma arising from epithelial lining of vocal cord

25
Q

risk factors for laryngeal carcinoma

A

alcohol and tobacco; rarely can arise from laryngeal papilloma (HPV 6 and 11)

26
Q

how does laryngeal carcinoma present

A

hoarseness, cough, stridor

27
Q

cleft lip and palate

A

failure of facial prominences to fuse - full-thickness defect of lip or palate

28
Q

aphthous ulcer

A

painful, superficial ulceration of the oral mucosa - arises in relation to stress and resolves spontaneously

29
Q

What is an aphthous ulcer characterized by?

A

grayish base surrounded by erythema

30
Q

behcet syndrome

A

recurrent aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis

31
Q

what is behcet syndrome due to?

A

immune complex vasculitis involving small vessels

32
Q

oral herpes

A

vesicles involving oral muscosa that rupture resulting in shallow, painful red ulcers due to HSV-1

33
Q

where does oral herpes remain dormant

A

ganglia of the trigeminal nerve

34
Q

what causes reactivation of HSV-1?

A

stress and sunlight - arises on lips - cold sore

35
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

malignant neoplasm of squamous cells lining the oral mucosa

36
Q

what are major risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

tobacco and alcohol

37
Q

MC location of squamous cell carcinoma?

A

floor of mouth

38
Q

what are precursor lesions to squamous cell carcinoma

A

oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia

39
Q

leukoplakia

A

white plaque that cannot be scraped away - represents squamous cell dysplasia

40
Q

oral candidiasis

A

white deposit on the tongue - easily scraped away (immunocompromised)

41
Q

hairy leukoplakia

A

white, rough “hairy” patch that arises on the lateral tongue due to EBV induced squamous cell hyperplasia (immunocompromised - not pre-malignant)

42
Q

erythroplakia

A

red plaque - vascularized leukoplakia - highly suggestive of squamous cell dysplasia

43
Q

What are the major salivary glands? minor?

A

major: parotid, submandibular, sublingual. minor: hundreds of microscopic ones

44
Q

mumps

A

virus - bilateral inflamed parotid glands

45
Q

what else can also be present with mumps?

A

orchitis (testicles), pancreatitis, aseptic meningitis

46
Q

sialadenitis

A

inflammation of the salivary gland

47
Q

what is sialadenitis MC due to?

A

obstructing stone (sialoithiasis) leading to staph aureus infection - usually unilateral

48
Q

pleomorphic adenoma

A

benign tumor composed ot stromal and epithelial tissue - MC tumor of salivary gland

49
Q

where does pleomorphic adenoma usually arise? how does it present?

A

parotid - presents as mobile, painless, circumscribed mass at angle of jaw

50
Q

why is there a high rate of recurrence with pleomorphic adenoma?

A

irregular margins makes it difficult to completely resect

51
Q

how does carcinoma from pleomorphic adenoma present?

A

signs of facial nerve damage (palsy)

52
Q

warthin tumor

A

benign cystic tumor with abundant lymphocytes and germinal centers (lymph node-like stroma) - usually in parotid

53
Q

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A

malignant tumor compsoed of mutinous and squamous cells - usually parotid

54
Q

MC malignant tumor of the salivary gland

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Abbey MSII Unit 3 (36 decks)

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