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Abbey MSII Unit 3 > Micro U3 L2. > Flashcards

Micro U3 L2. Flashcards

1
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the lining of the brain (aseptic meningitis not caused by bacteria)

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2
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain tissues

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3
Q

meningoencephalitis

A

widespread infection of the meninges and brain

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4
Q

aseptic meningitis causes

A

viruses, fungi, TB, infections near CNS

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5
Q

MC virus for aseptic meningitis

A

enteroviruses

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6
Q

symptoms of aseptic meningitis

A

mental status remains normal, headache, fever, chills, stiff neck, also malaise, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, ab pain, rash, muscle pain, photophobia

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7
Q

how is aseptic meningitis distinguished from encephalitis?

A

mental status normal in meningitis

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8
Q

diagnosis of aseptic meningitis

A

elevated WBC in spinal fluid - NO BACTERIA

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9
Q

treatment for aseptic meningitis

A

supportive care (usually benign), drugs for herpesvirus, fungal, and mycobacterial infections

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10
Q

brudzinski sign

A

symptom of meningitis - neck so stiff that knees flex when neck is flexed

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11
Q

encephalitis incidence

A

infants and elderly

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12
Q

encephalitis causes

A

influx of immune cells to brain

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13
Q

distinguishing feature for encephalitis

A

intracerebral hemorrhage

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14
Q

encephalitis symptoms

A

mental status altered (due to increase pressure/injury), confusion, sleepiness, irritability, stumbling, also fever, headache, vomiting, photophobia, still neck

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15
Q

diagnosis of encephalitis

A

spinal tap = inflammation (PCR gold standard for definitive diagnosis), EEG suggestive of seizures, brain MRI/CT show inflammation/hemorrhage

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16
Q

treatment for encephalitis

A

supportive care and symptom relief, antivirals for herpes, anti seizure medications, anti-inflammatories, sedatives

17
Q

prognosis for encephalitis

A

benign with full recovery but can also be severe and fatal

18
Q

pathogenesis of viral CNS disease

A

death of neurons (cytolytic viruses), infants and elderly more susceptible, immunosuppressive, genetics, exercise increase dissemination of viruses to CNS

19
Q

acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

A

postinfectious encephalitis follows viral infection 1-2 weeks - associated with measles, mumps, VZV, influenze, parainfluenza viruses, autoimmune disorder

20
Q

Which herpes viruses can often cause meningitis (from most likely to only in immunocompromised)

A

HSV-2, HSV-1, VZV, CMV, EBV

21
Q

What should herpes viruses be treated with?

A

acyclovir

22
Q

MCC of sporadic viral encephalitis

A

HSV-1 encephalitis

23
Q

Route of infection HSV-1 encephalitis

A

primary HSV-1 in oropharynx -> trigem nerve -> CNS

24
Q

What is the hallmark for HSV-1 encephalitis diagnosis?

A

brain imaging: MRI shows unilateral temporal lobe abnormalities

25
Q

How is rabies neurovirulent and how does it do it?

A

-infects peripheral nerves and travels to brain -> transmitted from salivary glands

26
Q

Symptoms of rabies (what are they due to)

A

hydrophobia, seizures, hallucinations, paralysis, coma, death due to replication in brain

27
Q

When does enterovirus cause disease? How? In who?

A

MC in summer; fecal-oral; newborns and neonates

28
Q

picornaviruses

A

polio, coxsackie, echoviruses, enterovirus

29
Q

Where does replication of picornaviruses take place? Where does it disseminate?

A

replicates in oropharynx and intestine (mucosal surfaces) disseminates via lymph nodes to blood and endes in skin, muscle, brain, and meninges

30
Q

Togaviruses

A

VEE, EEE, WEE, rubella

31
Q

How are toga viruses transmitted? Which cause encephalitis?

A

via mosquito bite usually (also birds) to skin, blood, brain - VEE, EEE, WEE

32
Q

What are the flaviviruses that cause encephalitis?

A

Japanese encephalitis, west nile, st louis encepalitis, russian spring-summer, powassan virus

33
Q

transmission of flaviviruses

A

mosquito or tick; more common in summer

34
Q

Which flavivirus has a vaccine?

A

japanese encephalitis

35
Q

What is the dissemination of flaviviruses?

A

mucosal surface -> lymph -> primary viremia (blood, liver, spleen, macrophages) -> secondary viremia (encephalitis, yellow fever, hemorrhagic fever)

36
Q

west nile virus meningoencephalitis symptoms

A

less than 1% WNV infections; headache, high fever, stiff neck, disorientation, coma, tremors, seizures, paralysis

37
Q

WNV high risk populations

A

cancer, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease

Abbey MSII Unit 3 (36 decks)

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