Pathology of restrictive lung diseases Flashcards
What is the interstitium of the lung?
Connective tissue space around airways and vessels and space between the basement membranes of alveolar walls
In normal alveolar walls how close are the pneumocytes and capillaries?
direct contact
What can the alveolar wall become thickened with?
interstitial infiltrate
Why do restrictive lung diseases lead to stiff lungs?
reduced lung compliance
What is the FEV1/FVC ratio?
normal with both values lowered
Why is there reduced gas transfer?
diffusion abnormality
When is there a V/Q imbalance?
When small airways are affected by pathology
What is the usual presentation of diffuse lung disease?
abnormal CXR
dyspnoea
What is diffuse alveolar damage associated with?
It is acute and associated with trauma, injury, autoimmunity, shock, chemicals, drugs or can be idiopathic
What are some histological features of DADs?
protein rich oedema fibrin hyaline membranes epithelial and fibroblast proliferation scarring
What is sarcoidosis?
a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown aetiology
What is the main histopathology of sarcoidosis?
Granulomas - epitheloid and giant cell
Who does sarcoidosis most commonly affect?
F>M
young adults
afro americans
In descending order name organ involvement in sarcoidosis
lymph nodes lung spleen liver bone marrow
What is althragia?
joint pain
If sarcoidosis does not resolve what is the course of treatment?
corticosteroids
Name the 4 main antigens for hypersensitivity pneumonitis
thermophilic bacteria
bird and animal protein
fungi
chemicals
List the acute presentation of HP
fever and dry cough
chills
crackles and wheeze
List the chronic presentation of HP
SOB and crackles
What is HP a combination of?
type 3 and 4 hypersensitivity reactions
What type of granulomas are found in HP?
soft centriacinar
When may UIP be seen?
connective tissue diseases
drug reactions
post infection
most are cryptogenic or idiopathic
What does cryptogenic mean?
Obscure or uncertain cause
Histopathology of UIP
patchy inflammation
type 2 pneumocytes hyperplasia
smooth muscle and vascular proliferation
