Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory Block > Embryology 1&2 > Flashcards

Embryology 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is embryology?

A

Study of the embryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 3 phases of embryology

A

Pre-embryonic phase
embryonic phase
foetal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What weeks does the pre embryonic phase occur?

A

0-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What weeks does the embryonic phase take place?

A

4-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What weeks does the foetal phase take place?

A

9-40 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a spermatogonium?

A

An early cell which will give rise to sperm and found in the gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an oogonium?

A

An early cell in the production of an ovum and is found in the gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many sperm are formed in spermatogenesis?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many ovum are produced in oogenesis?

A

1 and 3 polar bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why can there not just be 1 sperm surrounding one ovum in fertilisation?

A

Must be 100’s of sperm surrounding the ovum to allow one to enter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

Distal end of the uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the pro nucleus of a sperm and ovum?

A

The genetic material only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When the pro nucleus of the ovum and sperm fuse what is formed?

A

Zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a zygote?

A

The first cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is a zygote diploid or haploid?

A

diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Do you inherit your mitochondria from your mum or your dad?

A

Mum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When a zygote divides a solid ball of cells is formed. What is this called?

A

Morula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give an example of a mitochondrial disease

A

Lebers hereditary neuropathy which leads to blindness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why does a cavity develop when the morula keeps on increasing in size?

A

Getting nutrition to the central core is difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the cells that accumulate at one end called?

A

inner cell mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the outer lining of cells called?

A

trophoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the structure arising from a morula called?

A

blastocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When does a blastocyst form?

A

Day 5-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the main requirement for the blastocyst to be able to reach and implant in the uterus?

A

healthy ciliated epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why does ectopic pregnancy occur?

A

The cilia are not functioning properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What exact structure does the blastocyst bury into in the uterine wall?

A

endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

myometrium

A

the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

endometrium

A

inner epithelial layer of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

At around what day does the blastocyst bury into the endometrium?

A

about day 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What allows the blastocyst to bury into the endometrium?

A

The chorion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What forms the chorion?

A

The trophoblast dividing into 2 layers of cells which forms the chorion

32
Q

What are the finger like structures on the chorion called?

A

chorionic villi

33
Q

Name the 3 things that the chorion does

A

implantation of blastocyst
forms part of placenta
Secretes HCG

34
Q

What is HCG used for?

A

To detect pregnancy

35
Q

Until what week does HCG increase until?

A

week 12

36
Q

What des HCG do?

A

Maintain the endometrium

37
Q

What is the decidua basalis?

A

Endometrium deep to implanted conceptus with maternal blood vessels

38
Q

What do the cells of the inner cell mass form?

A

The bilaminar disc

39
Q

What 2 compartments does the bilaminar disc seperate?

A

The amniotic cavity above and the yolk sac below

40
Q

What are the two parts of the bilaminar disc called?

A

The epiblast and the hypoblast

41
Q

By what week is the placenta matured by?

A

18-20 weeks

42
Q

In comparison to the fetus how much does the placenta weigh?

A

1/6

43
Q

State the 3 main functions of the placenta

A

Foetal nutrition
Transport of waste and gases
Immune properties

44
Q

What are the 2 parts of the placenta?

A

The maternal part and the foetal part

45
Q

Briefly describe the maternal part of the placenta

A

Decidua basalis of endometrium

Rough with maternal blood vessels

46
Q

Briefly describe the foetal part of the placenta

A

Smooth with foetal blood vessels and end of umbilical cord

47
Q

Name the 2 different types

Of twins

A

Fraternal and identical

48
Q

Which type of twins can run in families?

A

Fraternal

49
Q

What is the primitive streak?

A

Dipping in of cells of the epiblast - forms in the midline

50
Q

Once the primitive streak is formed what is also formed?

A

The axis of the embryo

51
Q

What is the term given to the formation of germ layers?

A

gastrulation

52
Q

Name the 3 germ layers

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

53
Q

How is the notochord formed?

A

Cells from ectoderm sink down to form a solid tube

54
Q

How are the germ layers formed?

A

epiblast cells migrate down and displace the hypoblast

55
Q

What is the term given to the formation of the neural tube?

A

neurulation

56
Q

What induces ectodermal cells in the midline to form a neural tube?

A

The notochord

57
Q

What does the neural tube induce?

A

Mesoderm to thicken

58
Q

Name the 3 parts the mesoderm separates into

A

paraxial mesoderm
intermediate plate mesoderm
lateral plate mesoderm

59
Q

What does the lateral mesoderm split to give?

A

Somatic and splanchnic mesoderm

60
Q

What does the paraxial mesoderm give rise to?

A

somites

61
Q

What does the intermediate plate mesoderm give rise to?

A

Urogenital system (kidneys and reproduction)

62
Q

What does the lateral plate mesoderm give rise to?

A

Body cavity and coverings

63
Q

When do the lateral folds begin?

A

week 3

64
Q

What day does the heart start to beat?

A

day 24

65
Q

Where does the gut formation arise?

A

endoderm

66
Q

How many pairs of somites form?

A

43

67
Q

Name the 3 things that somites divide into

A

dermatome
myotome
sclerotome

68
Q

Dermatome give rise to..?

A

dermis of skin

69
Q

myotome give rise to…?

A

muscles

70
Q

sclerotome give rise to…?

A

bones including vertebrate

71
Q

What is teratology?

A

Study of when things go wrong during development

72
Q

Teratogens

A

environmental factors that cause abnormal development

73
Q

What causes congenital rubella syndrome?

A

contraction of german measles when pregnant

74
Q

Give some examples of environmental teratogens

A

drugs
alcohol
viruses
radiation

75
Q

When is there a highest risk and sensitivity to teratogens?

A

week 3-8

76
Q

Give some examples of prenatal tests to diagnose malformations

A

anomaly ultrasound scan - 12 weeks
blood test
amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling

77
Q

Give some examples of postnatal tests to diagnose malformations

A

hip stability
fingers and toes
hearing
testes descent

Respiratory Block (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions