Lower respiratory tract infections - children Flashcards
Name 5 lower respiratory tract infections in children
Pneumonia tracheitis bronchitis bronchiolitis empyema
What LRTI causes most hospital admissions in children?
bronchiolitis
Name some common bacterial infective agents
strep pneumoniae H. influenza Moraxella catarrhalis mycoplasma pneumoniae chlamydia pneumoniae
Name some viral infective agents
RSV
adenovirus
parainfluenza
influenza A/B
What is tracheitis?
Bacterial infection (usually strep or staph) which causes inflammation and airway obstruction of the trachea
What are some symptoms of tracheitis?
fever and ill
What is used to treat tracheitis?
augmentin
What are some signs of bronchitis?
overall the child is very well with a loose rattly cough and producing glut after coughing but chest is free of wheeze and creps
What mechanism is disturbed in bacterial bronchitis?
the mucociliary escalator mechanism
Is infection primary or secondary in bacterial bronchitis?
secondary
What does bacterial bronchitis usually follow?
URTI
On average how long does bacterial bronchitis last?
About 4 weeks
Name the 3 criteria for bacterial bronchitis to be classed as persistent
Wet cough
more than 1 month
remission with antibiotics
What percentage of infants are affected by bronchiolitis?
30-40%
List some symptoms of bacterial bronchiolitis
nasal stuffiness
tachypnoea
crackles and wheeze
