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Respiratory Block > Introduction and anatomy of lungs, airways and blood supply > Flashcards

Introduction and anatomy of lungs, airways and blood supply Flashcards

1
Q

4 Functions of respiratory system

A
  • protect from infection: lymphoid tissue
  • Communication
  • Gas exchange; Oxygen added and carbon dioxide removed
  • Acid base balance; ECF pH= 7.4
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2
Q

What does the respiratory system do to oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

Acquires oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

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3
Q

What does the cardiovascular system do to oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

Transport oxygen to tissues and transport carbon dioxide away from cells

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4
Q

What is External respiration?

A

Integration of respiratory and cardiovascular systems to facilitate the movement of gas from air to body cells

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation - blood carried in artery and vein

A

Artery carries deoxygenated blood (CO2 rich) and the vein is highly oxygenated

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6
Q

Systemic circulation - blood carried

A

Arterial = oxygen rich venous = CO2 rich

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7
Q

Pulmonary circulation - movement of blood

A

Between heart and lungs only

Oxygen from lung to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to lungs

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8
Q

Systemic circulation - movement of blood

A

Everywhere else in the body and moves oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide into the blood

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9
Q

Steady state

A

Net volume of oxygen exchanged in lungs per unit time is equal to the net volume exchanged in tissues
Same for carbon dioxide

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10
Q

What does the steady state prevent?

A

Gas build up - excess carbon dioxide leading to “swelling up”

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11
Q

Average volumes of oxygen and carbon dioxide per breath

A

250ml oxygen and 200ml carbon dioxide

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12
Q

What is the average and maximum breaths per minute?

A

10-20 and 40-45

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13
Q

Respiratory system - components

A 
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia
glands 
vessels
lymph nodes 
mucous
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14
Q

Upper respiratory tract (4)

A
  • nose
  • pharynx
  • epiglottis
  • larynx
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15
Q

Lower respiratory tract (3)

A
  • trachea
  • bronchus
  • lungs
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16
Q

Nose

A

Cilia and mucous trap particles

warm and moisten air

17
Q

Epiglottis

A

Small flap of skin which is usually open but closes to prevent food going down the trachea

18
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat - shared with the digestive system

19
Q

Trachea

A

Stiff rings of cartilage keep this open

20
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box - where the respiratory and digestive systems separate

21
Q

Bronchus - how many secondary in each lung?

A

3 in right and 2 in left

22
Q

Lung

A

Contains blind ended sacs called alveoli

23
Q

Right lung lobes and dividers

A 
superior lobe 
horizontal fissure
middle lobe 
oblique fissure 
inferior lobe
24
Q

Left lung lobes and divider

A

superior lobe
oblique fissure
inferior lobe

25
Q

Are pathogens more likely to stick in the left or right bronchus? Why?

A

Right

Right bronchus is closer to vertical and is wider

26
Q

Patent

A

Open airway which is unobstructed

27
Q

How are the larynx, trachea and bronchus kept open?

A

Rings of cartilage

28
Q

How are the bronchioles kept open?

A

Physical forces in the thorax

29
Q

What happens to the resistance going down the respiratory tract as it branches?

A

Resistance decreases as there is a larger number of the structures whereas near the start, trachea for example, although it is wider there is only 1 so the relative resistance is higher

30
Q

Contraction decreases diameter and does what to resistance?

A

Increases

31
Q

Relaxation increases diameter and does what to resistance?

A

Decreases

32
Q

What surrounds the alveoli to stretch when inspiring?

A

Elastic fibres

33
Q

Type 1 alveoli cells

A

Gas exchange - very thin

34
Q

Type 2 alveoli cells

A

Produce surfactant for ease of breathing

35
Q

Are capillaries in contact with type 1 or 2 alveoli cells?

A

Type 1

36
Q

Anatomical dead space

A

Air in the upper respiratory tract as the walls do not allow for gas exchange

37
Q

What are pneumocytes another name for?

A

Alveolar cells

38
Q

Going down the respiratory tract are goblet cells or cilia lost first?

A

Goblet cells

39
Q

Mucous

A

Moistens air and traps particles produced from goblet cells

Respiratory Block (29 decks)

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