Pathology of pulmonary neoplasia

Question 1

What percentage of deaths in Scotland are due to lung cancer?

Answer 1

6%

Question 2

What percentage of lung cancer is due to smoking?

Answer 2

85%

Question 3

What percentage of smokers will get lung cancer?

Answer 3

10%

Question 4

What is the increased risk for males and females respectively of getting lung cancer if they are a smoker?

Answer 4

22 for males and 12 for females

Question 5

What is the increased risk of lung cancer due to passive smoking?

Answer 5

50-100%

Question 6

What percentage of non smoking lung cancers are due to passive smoking?

Answer 6

25%

Question 7

What is the main reason that when you stop smoking your risk of lung cancer doesn’t go back to normal/

Answer 7

The genomic damage has already been done

Question 8

What fraction of people smoke?

Answer 8

1/3

Question 9

What percentage of men and women respectively smoke?

Answer 9

50% and 12%

Question 10

Are men or women more susceptible to smoke?

Answer 10

women

Question 11

About how many recognised carcinogens are in a cigarette?

Answer 11

60

Question 12

What type of stem cells in the lung periphery transform in cancer?

Answer 12

Bronchioalveolar epithelial stem cells

Question 13

What cancer is found in the lung periphery?

Answer 13

adenocarcinoma

Question 14

What stem cells in the central lung airways transform in cancer?

Answer 14

Bronchial epithelial stem cells

Question 15

What cancer is found in the central lung airways?

Answer 15

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 16

Name the 4 main types of lung carcinoma

Answer 16

Squamous cell
Adenocarcinoma
large cell
small cell

Question 17

What did bronchiolalveolar cell carcinoma used to be known as and what is it known as now?

Answer 17

subtype of adenocarcinoma

adenocarcinoma in situ

Question 18

What is non small cell carcinomas?

Answer 18

NOT ONE DISEASE

Question 19

What endocrine hormones does small cell carcinoma affect?

Answer 19

ACTH and siADH

Question 20

What endocrine hormones does squamous cell carcinoma affect?

Answer 20

PTH

Question 21

What might prognostic markers be used to select patients for?

Answer 21

Adjuvant therapy

Question 22

What is the 5ys rate for Scotland?

Answer 22

<7%

Question 23

What stages of lung cancer are operable?

Answer 23

Stage 1 and 2 only - 10% of patients

Question 24

What is the median survival for small cell carcinoma?

Answer 24

9 months

Question 25

What biomarkers will be used for prediction in adenocarcinoma?

Answer 25

EGFR and ALK translocations

Question 26

What therapy might be used to allow the cell to kill the cancer?

Answer 26

Immune checkpoint inhibitors