Pathology of pulmonary neoplasia Flashcards
What percentage of deaths in Scotland are due to lung cancer?
6%
What percentage of lung cancer is due to smoking?
85%
What percentage of smokers will get lung cancer?
10%
What is the increased risk for males and females respectively of getting lung cancer if they are a smoker?
22 for males and 12 for females
What is the increased risk of lung cancer due to passive smoking?
50-100%
What percentage of non smoking lung cancers are due to passive smoking?
25%
What is the main reason that when you stop smoking your risk of lung cancer doesn’t go back to normal/
The genomic damage has already been done
What fraction of people smoke?
1/3
What percentage of men and women respectively smoke?
50% and 12%
Are men or women more susceptible to smoke?
women
About how many recognised carcinogens are in a cigarette?
60
What type of stem cells in the lung periphery transform in cancer?
Bronchioalveolar epithelial stem cells
What cancer is found in the lung periphery?
adenocarcinoma
What stem cells in the central lung airways transform in cancer?
Bronchial epithelial stem cells
What cancer is found in the central lung airways?
Squamous cell carcinoma
Name the 4 main types of lung carcinoma
Squamous cell
Adenocarcinoma
large cell
small cell
What did bronchiolalveolar cell carcinoma used to be known as and what is it known as now?
subtype of adenocarcinoma
adenocarcinoma in situ
What is non small cell carcinomas?
NOT ONE DISEASE
What endocrine hormones does small cell carcinoma affect?
ACTH and siADH
What endocrine hormones does squamous cell carcinoma affect?
PTH
What might prognostic markers be used to select patients for?
Adjuvant therapy
What is the 5ys rate for Scotland?
<7%
What stages of lung cancer are operable?
Stage 1 and 2 only - 10% of patients
What is the median survival for small cell carcinoma?
9 months
