Pathology II Flashcards
What is the genetic cause of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
X-linked recessive trait
Are some of the first symptoms distal or proximal muscle weakness in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?
Proximal muscle weakness
What is used to examine electrical activity in muscles?
electromyography(EMG)
What is the classic presentation for Erb’s Palsy?
loss of shoulder function, loss of elbow function, loss of forearm supination, and hand positioned in pinch grip
What cervical roots are affected by Erb’s Palsy?
C5 and C6
What measures the electrical activity of the brain and is the most common test used to confirm the diagnosis of epilepsy?
Electroencephalogram
You should call 911 if a seizure last longer than…?
5 minutes
After a seizure is over what position should you place someone in to allow them to recover?
left side to avoid choking in case they vomit (food stays due to C shaped curve in stomach)
What is another name for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
Acute Polyneuropathy
What are the initial symptoms of GBS?
distal symmetrical motor weakness and mild distal sensory impairments and transient paresthesias (burning tingling sensation)
During the acute stage of GBS what should a PT do?
limit overexertion and fatigue to avoid exacerbation of symptoms
With huntington’s disease why do ventricles of the brain become enlarged?
secondary to atrophy of basal ganlgia
With huntington’s disease there is often a decrease in activity and quantity of what 2 neurons?
gamma-aminobutryric acid (GABA) neurons
and
Acetylcholine neurons
What is choreathetosis?
the occurrence of involuntary movements in a combination of chorea (irregular migrating contractions) and athetosis (twisting and writhing).
Patient education with Huntington’s disease should focus on?
prone lying, stretching, prevention of deformity and contracture, and safety with mobility
Initial symptoms for this disease include paresthesias, sensory changes, clumsiness, weakness, ataxia, balance dysfunction, and fatigue?
Multiple Sclerosis
85% of patients with MS are classified as having what type of MS?
relapsing-remitting
What immunomodulatory medications are prescribed for multiple sclerosis?
ABC drugs
What time of day should MS patients perform a submaximal exercise program?
in the morning when the patient is rested
What autoimmune disease process is typically associated with an enlarged thymus?
Myasthenia Gravis
What are the 2 cardinal signs of Myasthenia Gravis?
- extreme fatiguability
2. skeletal muscle weakness that can fluctuate within minutes or over an extended period of time
What muscles are typically affected first and how does it present with Myasthenia Gravis?
Ocular Muscles –> presents as ptosis and diplopia
In addition to taking drugs to inhibit actelcholinesterase for patients with Myasthenia Gravis what other drugs may be used to diminish symptoms of weakness and fatigue?
Coritcosteroids
Physical therapy for Myastehnia Gravis should include energy conservation techniques and should be careful to avoid what?
overexertion
Are proximal or distal muscles for affected typically with Myasthenia Gravis?
proximal
What are three signs of a myasthenia “crisis”?
Respiratory difficulty, swallowing issues, labored talking/chewing
What condition is characterized by damage or disease that affect multiple peripheral nerves including motor, sensory, and autonomic nerves?
Polyneuropathy
What condition is characterized my increased demands placed on reinnervated denervated muscles via collateral spouting leading to deterioration of these nerves over time?
Post-Polio Syndrome
How often and what type of exercise should be performed with post-polio syndrome?
AVOID intense exercise leading to fatigue or exhaustion and perform exercise every other day to allow for recovery
what conditions causitive factor includes deletion of chromosome 15?
Prader-Willi Syndrome
What condition is characterized by physical attributes of small hands, feet, sex oragans and almond sahpe eyes as well as behavioral attributes of constant desire for food?
Prader-Willi Syndrome
In addition to to down syndrome what is another pediatric condition characterized by hypotonia?
Prader-Willi Syndrome
