Pathology II

Question 1

What is the genetic cause of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 1

X-linked recessive trait

Question 2

Are some of the first symptoms distal or proximal muscle weakness in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 2

Proximal muscle weakness

Question 3

What is used to examine electrical activity in muscles?

Answer 3

electromyography(EMG)

Question 4

What is the classic presentation for Erb’s Palsy?

Answer 4

loss of shoulder function, loss of elbow function, loss of forearm supination, and hand positioned in pinch grip

Question 5

What cervical roots are affected by Erb’s Palsy?

Answer 5

C5 and C6

Question 6

What measures the electrical activity of the brain and is the most common test used to confirm the diagnosis of epilepsy?

Answer 6

Electroencephalogram

Question 7

You should call 911 if a seizure last longer than…?

Answer 7

5 minutes

Question 8

After a seizure is over what position should you place someone in to allow them to recover?

Answer 8

left side to avoid choking in case they vomit (food stays due to C shaped curve in stomach)

Question 9

What is another name for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

Answer 9

Acute Polyneuropathy

Question 10

What are the initial symptoms of GBS?

Answer 10

distal symmetrical motor weakness and mild distal sensory impairments and transient paresthesias (burning tingling sensation)

Question 11

During the acute stage of GBS what should a PT do?

Answer 11

limit overexertion and fatigue to avoid exacerbation of symptoms

Question 12

With huntington’s disease why do ventricles of the brain become enlarged?

Answer 12

secondary to atrophy of basal ganlgia

Question 13

With huntington’s disease there is often a decrease in activity and quantity of what 2 neurons?

Answer 13

gamma-aminobutryric acid (GABA) neurons
and
Acetylcholine neurons

Question 14

What is choreathetosis?

Answer 14

the occurrence of involuntary movements in a combination of chorea (irregular migrating contractions) and athetosis (twisting and writhing).

Question 15

Patient education with Huntington’s disease should focus on?

Answer 15

prone lying, stretching, prevention of deformity and contracture, and safety with mobility

Question 16

Initial symptoms for this disease include paresthesias, sensory changes, clumsiness, weakness, ataxia, balance dysfunction, and fatigue?

Answer 16

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 17

85% of patients with MS are classified as having what type of MS?

Answer 17

relapsing-remitting

Question 18

What immunomodulatory medications are prescribed for multiple sclerosis?

Answer 18

ABC drugs

Question 19

What time of day should MS patients perform a submaximal exercise program?

Answer 19

in the morning when the patient is rested

Question 20

What autoimmune disease process is typically associated with an enlarged thymus?

Answer 20

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 21

What are the 2 cardinal signs of Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 21

1. extreme fatiguability

2. skeletal muscle weakness that can fluctuate within minutes or over an extended period of time

Question 22

What muscles are typically affected first and how does it present with Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 22

Ocular Muscles –> presents as ptosis and diplopia

Question 23

In addition to taking drugs to inhibit actelcholinesterase for patients with Myasthenia Gravis what other drugs may be used to diminish symptoms of weakness and fatigue?

Answer 23

Coritcosteroids

Question 24

Physical therapy for Myastehnia Gravis should include energy conservation techniques and should be careful to avoid what?

Answer 24

overexertion

Question 25

Are proximal or distal muscles for affected typically with Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 25

proximal

Question 26

What are three signs of a myasthenia “crisis”?

Answer 26

Respiratory difficulty, swallowing issues, labored talking/chewing

Question 27

What condition is characterized by damage or disease that affect multiple peripheral nerves including motor, sensory, and autonomic nerves?

Answer 27

Polyneuropathy

Question 28

What condition is characterized my increased demands placed on reinnervated denervated muscles via collateral spouting leading to deterioration of these nerves over time?

Answer 28

Post-Polio Syndrome

Question 29

How often and what type of exercise should be performed with post-polio syndrome?

Answer 29

AVOID intense exercise leading to fatigue or exhaustion and perform exercise every other day to allow for recovery

Question 30

what conditions causitive factor includes deletion of chromosome 15?

Answer 30

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Question 31

What condition is characterized by physical attributes of small hands, feet, sex oragans and almond sahpe eyes as well as behavioral attributes of constant desire for food?

Answer 31

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Question 32

In addition to to down syndrome what is another pediatric condition characterized by hypotonia?

Answer 32

Prader-Willi Syndrome