Pathology I - SYNERGY QUIZ in PPT

Question 1

Neurons that are normally involved with the transmission of what neurotransmitter deteriorate within the cerebral cortex of patients with Alzheimer’s?

Answer 1

Acetylcholine transmission

Question 2

Cognex, Aricept, and Exelon are drugs used to treat symptoms of what?

Answer 2

Alzheimer’s

Question 3

Weakness in ALS spreads in which direction?

Answer 3

distal to proximal path

Question 4

What is riluzole (Rilutek) used to treat?

Answer 4

Riluzole delays the onset of ventilator-dependence or tracheostomy in some people with ALS and may increase survival by two to three months.

Question 5

Dysarthria (slurred or slow speech), dysphagia, and emotional lability are characteristics of inovlement of what in ALS?

Answer 5

Bulbar ( area of the brain composed of the cerebellum, medulla and pons. (Basically, the bulbar region is made up of the brain stem minus the midbrain and plus the cerebellum)

Question 6

Are there sensory impairments with ALS?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

What 3 functions remained preserved throughout ALS?

Answer 7

Sensation
eye movement
bowel and bladder function

Question 8

What is lost and what remains intact with Anterior Cord Syndrome?

Answer 8

Bilateral loss of motor function and pain/temperature below the level of lesion

Dorsal column functions including proprioception and vibration remain intact

Question 9

What disorder occurs in teh first trimester in utero in which there is fibrosis of muscles and structures of the joint resulting in multiple contractures and cylinder-like extremities?

Answer 9

Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC)

Question 10

What virus typically causes Bell’s palsy?

Answer 10

Herpes Simplex

Question 11

Which nerve is involved with Bell’s Palsy and what are potential sensory deficits?

Answer 11

CRANIAL NERVE VII

Taste sensation to the anterior aspect of the tongue

Question 12

How many nerves and tendons pass through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 12

1 median nerve
4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons
4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
1 flexor pollicis longus tendon

Question 13

what is normal pressure in the carpal tunnel?

Answer 13

2 to 10 mmHg

Question 14

Ape hand deformity can occur with CTS and be caused by atrophy of what?

Answer 14

atrophy of thenar musculature and the first two lumbricals

Question 15

what motion should be avoided after carpal tunnel surgery?

Answer 15

radial deviation against resistance due to tendency for irritation and inflammation

Question 16

Which spinal cord syndrome has the WORST prognosis with only 10-15% of patients achieving functional recovery?

Answer 16

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Question 17

With central cord syndrome is motor loss greater in the upper or lower extremities? More servere distally or proximally?

Answer 17

Greater motor loss in upper extremities DISTALLY

-damage is to the centrally located cervcial tracts in the spinal cord

Question 18

What type of injury usually leads to central cord syndrome?

Answer 18

HYPEREXTENSION INJURY

Question 19

What is the most common incomplete spinal cord lesion?

Answer 19

Central cord syndrome

Question 20

What cerebral palsy primary motor pattern indicates a lesion in the motor cortex of the cerebrum and upper motor neuron damage?

Answer 20

Spastic

Question 21

What cerebral palsy primary motor pattern indicates a lesion involving basal ganglia?

Answer 21

Athetoid

Question 22

What is the umbrella term to describe a group of non-progressive movement disorders that result from brain damage?

Answer 22

cerebral palsy

Question 23

What is the second most common neurological impairment following intellectual disability?

Answer 23

cerebral palsy

Question 24

intellectual disability and epilepsy are present in what percent of children diagnoses with CP?

Answer 24

50%

Question 25

What are the 5 primary risk factors for a CVA?

Answer 25

1. HTN
2. cardiac disease or arrhythmias
3. Diabetes mellitus
4. cigaretter smoking
5. transient ischemic attack

Question 26

What is it called with a CVA, usually caused by a thrombus gradually progresses and total neurological deficits are not seen for one to two days after onset?

Answer 26

Stroke in Evolution

Question 27

What are two types of ischemic stroke and which one can cause greater damage?

Answer 27

Emobolic and Thrombotic

Embolic occlusions can cause tissues distal to the infarct to sustain higher permanent damange than those of thrombotic infarcts

Question 28

CVA in what area can lead to unstable vital signs, decreased consciousness, decreased ability to swallow and weakness on both sides of the body?

Answer 28

brainstem

Question 29

Decreased abstract reasoning, emotional lability, and impulsive behaviors indicate a CVA in what hemisphere?

Answer 29

right hemisphere

Question 30

Memory deficits indicate CVA in what hemisphere?

Answer 30

right hemiphere

Question 31

possible aphasia indicates CVA in what hemisphere?

Answer 31

left hemisphere

Question 32

possible motor apraxia indicates CVA in what hemisphere?

Answer 32

left hemisphere

Question 33

What are 4 CVA tests and measures?

Answer 33

1. NIH Stroke Scale
2. Functional Independence Measure (FIM)
3. Stroke Impact Scale
4. Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance

Question 34

What is the most prevalent modifiable cause of CVA?

Answer 34

Hypertension

Question 35

Heightened frustration, aphasia, dysphagia, and motor apraxia are signs consistent with presentation of what side stroke?

Answer 35

left side stroke

Question 36

Poor attention and impaired awareness and judgement are signs and symptoms consistent with what type of CVA?

Answer 36

right CVA

Question 37

emotional lability and impulsive behaviors are signs of what type of CVA?

Answer 37

right CVA

Question 38

During what time period reveals the most measurable neurologic recovery after a stroke and is a good indicator of long term outcomes?

Answer 38

3 months

Question 39

Diabetic neruopathy can be the result of microvascular disease combined with the direct effects of what in the blood?

Answer 39

hyperglycemia (high blood glucose)

Question 40

Which chromosome is responsible for down syndrome?

Answer 40

21st chromosome

Question 41

Alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and unjugated estrogen levels can be tested for what during pregnancy?

Answer 41

down syndrome