Pathology I - SYNERGY QUIZ in PPT Flashcards
Neurons that are normally involved with the transmission of what neurotransmitter deteriorate within the cerebral cortex of patients with Alzheimer’s?
Acetylcholine transmission
Cognex, Aricept, and Exelon are drugs used to treat symptoms of what?
Alzheimer’s
Weakness in ALS spreads in which direction?
distal to proximal path
What is riluzole (Rilutek) used to treat?
Riluzole delays the onset of ventilator-dependence or tracheostomy in some people with ALS and may increase survival by two to three months.
Dysarthria (slurred or slow speech), dysphagia, and emotional lability are characteristics of inovlement of what in ALS?
Bulbar ( area of the brain composed of the cerebellum, medulla and pons. (Basically, the bulbar region is made up of the brain stem minus the midbrain and plus the cerebellum)
Are there sensory impairments with ALS?
no
What 3 functions remained preserved throughout ALS?
Sensation
eye movement
bowel and bladder function
What is lost and what remains intact with Anterior Cord Syndrome?
Bilateral loss of motor function and pain/temperature below the level of lesion
Dorsal column functions including proprioception and vibration remain intact
What disorder occurs in teh first trimester in utero in which there is fibrosis of muscles and structures of the joint resulting in multiple contractures and cylinder-like extremities?
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC)
What virus typically causes Bell’s palsy?
Herpes Simplex
Which nerve is involved with Bell’s Palsy and what are potential sensory deficits?
CRANIAL NERVE VII
Taste sensation to the anterior aspect of the tongue
How many nerves and tendons pass through the carpal tunnel?
1 median nerve
4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons
4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
1 flexor pollicis longus tendon
what is normal pressure in the carpal tunnel?
2 to 10 mmHg
Ape hand deformity can occur with CTS and be caused by atrophy of what?
atrophy of thenar musculature and the first two lumbricals
what motion should be avoided after carpal tunnel surgery?
radial deviation against resistance due to tendency for irritation and inflammation
Which spinal cord syndrome has the WORST prognosis with only 10-15% of patients achieving functional recovery?
Anterior Cord Syndrome
With central cord syndrome is motor loss greater in the upper or lower extremities? More servere distally or proximally?
Greater motor loss in upper extremities DISTALLY
-damage is to the centrally located cervcial tracts in the spinal cord
What type of injury usually leads to central cord syndrome?
HYPEREXTENSION INJURY
What is the most common incomplete spinal cord lesion?
Central cord syndrome
What cerebral palsy primary motor pattern indicates a lesion in the motor cortex of the cerebrum and upper motor neuron damage?
Spastic
What cerebral palsy primary motor pattern indicates a lesion involving basal ganglia?
Athetoid
What is the umbrella term to describe a group of non-progressive movement disorders that result from brain damage?
cerebral palsy
What is the second most common neurological impairment following intellectual disability?
cerebral palsy
intellectual disability and epilepsy are present in what percent of children diagnoses with CP?
50%
What are the 5 primary risk factors for a CVA?
- HTN
- cardiac disease or arrhythmias
- Diabetes mellitus
- cigaretter smoking
- transient ischemic attack
What is it called with a CVA, usually caused by a thrombus gradually progresses and total neurological deficits are not seen for one to two days after onset?
Stroke in Evolution
What are two types of ischemic stroke and which one can cause greater damage?
Emobolic and Thrombotic
Embolic occlusions can cause tissues distal to the infarct to sustain higher permanent damange than those of thrombotic infarcts
CVA in what area can lead to unstable vital signs, decreased consciousness, decreased ability to swallow and weakness on both sides of the body?
brainstem
Decreased abstract reasoning, emotional lability, and impulsive behaviors indicate a CVA in what hemisphere?
right hemisphere
Memory deficits indicate CVA in what hemisphere?
right hemiphere
possible aphasia indicates CVA in what hemisphere?
left hemisphere
possible motor apraxia indicates CVA in what hemisphere?
left hemisphere
What are 4 CVA tests and measures?
- NIH Stroke Scale
- Functional Independence Measure (FIM)
- Stroke Impact Scale
- Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Physical Performance
What is the most prevalent modifiable cause of CVA?
Hypertension
Heightened frustration, aphasia, dysphagia, and motor apraxia are signs consistent with presentation of what side stroke?
left side stroke
Poor attention and impaired awareness and judgement are signs and symptoms consistent with what type of CVA?
right CVA
emotional lability and impulsive behaviors are signs of what type of CVA?
right CVA
During what time period reveals the most measurable neurologic recovery after a stroke and is a good indicator of long term outcomes?
3 months
Diabetic neruopathy can be the result of microvascular disease combined with the direct effects of what in the blood?
hyperglycemia (high blood glucose)
Which chromosome is responsible for down syndrome?
21st chromosome
Alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin, and unjugated estrogen levels can be tested for what during pregnancy?
down syndrome
