Motor Learning

Question 1

What are the 3 stages of motor learning?

Answer 1

1. Cognitive Stage
2. Associative Stage
3. Autonomous Stage

Question 2

What is the difference between Constant, Variable, Random, and Blocked Practice?

Answer 2

Constant: practice under uniform conditions
Variable: practice under differing conditions
Random: practice amongst different tasks
Blocked: constant practice of a single task

Question 3

What do the following four types of learning mean?

1. Non-associative
2. Associative
3. Procedural
4. Declarative

Answer 3

1. Non-associative: single repeated stimulus (habituation, sensitization)
2. Associative: gaining understanding of the relationship between two stimuli, causal relationships or stimulus and consequence
3. Procedural: learning tasks that can be performed without attention or concentration to the task; task is learned by forming movement habits
4. Declarative: Requires attentions, awareness, and reflection in order to attain knowledge that can be consciously recalled

Question 4

What is the increase in response that will occur as a result of noxious stimuli?

Answer 4

sensitization

Question 5

What is the decrease in response that will occur as a result of consistent exposure to non-painful stimuli?

Answer 5

habituation

Question 6

Handling, facilitation, inhibitive casting, and use of therapeutic ball are part of what technique?

Answer 6

Bobath

Question 7

Application of ice, brushing, and tapping for facilitation are examples of what technique?

Answer 7

Rood

Question 8

What is the name of the approach that was developed in the 1970s based on the idea that factors involved with learning are also involved with relearning and should include:

• Identification of a goal
• Inhibition of any unnecessary activity that does not relate to normal movement
• ability to adjust during activity to effects of gravity and balance
• proper body alignment
• proper motivation
• incorporate internal or mental practice as well as
• external or physical practice
• feedback
• knowledge of results

Answer 8

Carr and Shepherd: motor relearning approach

Question 9

What is a closed vs open motor skill?

Answer 9

Closed: a skill that is performed under a stable and unchanging environment
Open: a skill that is performed under a consistently changing environment