Neuro Terminology p. 263/294 Flashcards
Slow, twisting, and wirthing movements that are large in amplitude?
Athetosis
Brief, irregular contractions that are rapid?
Chorea
A form of chorea that includes choreic jerks of large amplitude?
Ballism
Chorea is often secondary to damage where and chorea is often equated to what?
damage to caudate nucleus
Equated to fidgeting
What is choreoathetosis?
When athetosis movements (Slow, twisting, and wirthing movements that are large in amplitude) are brief (chorea)
Intention tremors typically indicate a lesion where? and are seen with what diagnosis?
Lesion to cerebellum
Multiple sclerosis
inability to initiate movement, commonly seen in parkinson’s patients
akinesia
generalized weakness typically secondary to cerebellar pathology
asthenia
inability to perform coordinated movements
ataxia
condition presents with involuntary movements combined with instability of posture. Peripheral movements occur without central stability?
Athetosis
movement is slow
bradykinesia
movements are sudden, rapid, and involutnary
chorea
a form of resistance seen during ROM of a hypertonic joint whre there is greatest resistance at initiation of range that lessens with movement through ROM
clasp-knife response
a characteristic of UMN lesion, involuntary alternating spasmodic contraction of muscle precipitated by quick stretch reflex
clonus
a form of rigidity where resistance to movement has phasic quality to it, often seen in Parkinson’s
Cogwheel rigidity
inability to perform RAM
dysdiadochokinesia
inability to control range of movement and force of muscular activity
dysmetria
closely related to athetosis, however there is larger axial muscle inovlvement rather than appendicular muscles
dystonia
muscular twitch that is caused by random discharge of LMN and its muscle fibers, suggests LMN disease
fasiculation
an involuntary and violent movement of a large body part
hemiballism
ability to percieve the direction and extent of movement of a joint or body part
kinesthesia
a form of rigidity where there is uniform and constant resistance to ROM, often assoicated with lesions to basal ganglia
lead pipe rigidity
a state of severe hypertonicity where sustained muscle contraction does not allow for any movvement at specific joints
rigidity
inability to interpret information
agnosia
inability to recognize symbols, letters, or numbers traced on skin
agraphesthesia
inability to write due to lesion within brain and is typically found in combination with aphasia
agraphia
inability to read or comprehend written language secondary to lesion within dominant lobe of brain
alexia
denial or unawareness of ones illness, often associated with unilateral neglect
anosognosia
inability to communicate or comprehend due to damage to specific areas of the brain
aphasia
inability to perform purposeful learned movements or activities even though there is no sensory or motor impairment that would hinder completion
apraxia
inability to recognize objects by sense of touch
asterognosis
having an understanding of the body as a whole and the relaionship of its parts to whole
body schema
the inability to reproduce geometric figures and designs. A person is often unable to visually analyze how to perform a task
constructional apraxia
a characteristic of corticospinal lesion at the level of the brainstem that results in extension of the trunk and all extremities
decerebrate rigidity
DE CEREBRATE - EXTENSION
a characteristic of corticospinal lesion at the level of the diencephalon that results in extension of trunk and lower extremities while UE are positioned in flexion
Decorticate
DE CEREBRATE - EXTENSION
double vision
diploplia
slurred and impaired speech due to motor deficits of the tongue or other muscles essential for speech
dysarthria
inability to swallow properly
dysphagia
impairment in rhythm and inflection of speech
dysprosody
characteristic of right hemisphere infarct where there is inability to control emotions
emotional lability
characteristic of receptive aphasia where speech produces functional output regarding articulation but lacks content and is typically dysporodic
fluent aphasia
A condition where one side of body is weak
hemiparesis
condition where one side of the body is paralyzed
hemiplegia
loss of right or left half of visual field in both eyes
homonymous hemianopsia
inability to formulate an initial motor plan and sequence tasks where the proprioceptive input necessary for movement is required
ideational apraxia
condition where a person plans a movement or task but cannot volitionally perform it. Automatic movement amy occur
Ideomotor apraxia
substitution within a word that is so severe that it makes the word unrecognizable
neologism
characteristic of expressive aphasia where speech is non-functional, effortful, and contains paraphasias. writing also imparied
non-fluent aphasia
state of repeadely performign the same segmanet of a task or repetedly saying the same word without purpose
perseveration
mass movement patterns that are primitive in nature and couple with spasticity due to brain damage
synergy
inability to interpret stimuli and events on the contralateral side of a hemisphereic lesion.
unilateral neglect
