Pathology

Question 1

Differentiation

Answer 1

Acquiring specialised function

Question 2

Hyperplasia

Answer 2

increase in cell number

Question 3

Hypertrophy

Answer 3

increase in cell size

Question 4

Atrophy

Answer 4

reduction in cell size and number in an organ that was of normal size

Question 5

Hypoplasia

Answer 5

reduced size of an organ that never fully developed to normal size

Question 6

Metaplasia

Answer 6

One type of cell becomes another form of cell in response to stress

Question 7

example of metaplasia?

Answer 7

Barrett’s esophagus

Question 8

Neoplasia

Answer 8

an abnormal mass of tissue, growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinate with that of normal tissue

Question 9

monoclonal

Answer 9

derived from a single common ancestor

Question 10

example of monoclonal cells

Answer 10

neoplastic cells

Question 11

benign tumour of epithelial cells

Answer 11

adenoma, papilloma

Question 12

Malignant tumour of epithelial cells

Answer 12

carcinoma

Question 13

malignant tumour of mesenchymal cells

Answer 13

sarcoma

Question 14

dysplasia

Answer 14

pre malignant process involving abnormal cell changes

Question 15

angiogenesis

Answer 15

formation of new, abnormal blood vessels

Question 16

p53

Answer 16

• tumour suppresor gene
• transcription factor
• activated by cell stress
• causes cell cycle arrest at G1/S and G2/M and triggers apoptosis