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Principles > Embryology > Flashcards

Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Gametogenesis

A

formation of gametes

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2
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

formation of sperm

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3
Q

how long does spermatogenesis take

A

64 days

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4
Q

Oogenesis

A

formation of female gamete

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5
Q

How long does oogenesis take?

A

it begins at same time as male gametes, halts at prophase and continues at puberty

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6
Q

Nondisjunction

A

failure of sister chromatids to separate during cell division

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7
Q

what can nondisjunction in meiosis lead to?

A

trisomy 21

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8
Q

Fertilization

A

fusion of sperm and oocyte to form a zygote

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9
Q

zygote

A

diploid single cell that will develop into an embryo

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10
Q

cleavage

A

mitotic cell division of zygote to form a morula

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11
Q

gastrulation

A

formation of three primary germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) and the body axis are established

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12
Q

where does fertilisation occur

A

ampulla

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13
Q

describe fertilisation

A

sperm binds to zona pellucide, an acrosomal reaction occurs (acrosomal enzymes released by head of sperm), sperm and oocyte membrane fuse, oocyte completes meiosis 2 and releases cortical granules

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14
Q

how is a blastocyst formed

A

morula undergoes compaction, blastomere is no longer identifiable, fluid enters through the zone pellucid and forms blastocyst cavity, the outer layer of the cells become known as trophoblast layers, cells group together to form an inner cell mass, the blastocyst breaks free from the now restrictive zone pellucid in order to begin implantation in uterine lining

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15
Q

what day does implantation occur

A

day 6

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16
Q

What is produced from the ectoderm?

A

surface ectoderm, neural tube and neural crest

17
Q

What is produced from the mesoderm?

A

adrenal cortex, bones (except facial + skull), connective tissue, muscle, myocardium ,kidneys, uterus, gonads, serous lining of body cavities, spleen

18
Q

What is produced by endoderm

A

epithelial lining of GI tract, liver, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid and thymus

Principles (17 decks)

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