Nervous system Flashcards
What is the CNS made up of?
brain and spinal cord
What is the PNS made up of?
spinal nerves, cranial nerves and autonomic nerves
what is a neuron
basic unit of nervous system
function of dendrites?
they increase surface area for reception
function of axon?
conduct info away from cell body
function of the myelin sheat?
increases speed of conduction
what makes the myelin sheath?
Schwan cells
What does efferent mean?
the motor neurons are efferent as the action potential travels towards body wall, body cavity or organ
What does afferent mean?
the sensory neurons are afferent which means the action potential travels towards the brain
What are named nerves?
larger nerves supplying body wall, body cavities and organs
What are the 6 ways nerves may conduct?
somatic sensory function, somatic motor function, special sensory function, visceral afferent function, sympathetic afferent function, parasympathetic function
What are the folds/bumps in the brain called?
gyrics/ a gyrus
What are the indents/grooves in the brain called?
Sulci/ a sulcus
CN I
olfactory nerve
What type of nerve is the olfactory nerve?
sensory (special)
CN II
Optic nerve
What type of nerve is the optic nerve?
Sensory (special)
CN III
oculomotor nerve
What type of nerve is the oculomotor nerve?
Motor nerve (somatic and parasympathetic)
CN IV
trochlear nerve
What type of nerve is the trochlear nerve?
motor nerve
CN V
Trigeminal nerve
What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve?
both
CN VI
Abducent nerve
What type of nerve is the abducent nerve?
Motor nerve
CN VII
Facial nerve
What type of nerve is the facial nerve?
Both (special sensory, somatic motor & parasympathetic)
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear nerve
What type of nerve is the Vestibulocochlear nerve?
Sensory (special)
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What type of nerve is the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Both (special sensory, somatic motor and parasympathetic)
CN X
Vagus nerve
What type of nerve is the vagus nerve??
both (somatic sensory, somatic motor and parasympathetic)
CN XI
spinal accessory nerve
What type of nerve is the spinal accessory nerve?
motor
CN XII
Hypoglossal nerve
What type of nerve is the hypoglossal nerve?
Motor
which nerves are located in the anterior cranial fossa?
CN I
Which nerves are located in the middle cranial fossa?
CN II- CN VI
What nerves are located in the posterior cranial fossa?
CN VII- CN XII
Where does the spinal cord pass-through in the skull?
foramen magnum
What is the spinal cord protected by?
the vertebral canal
What are the four segments of the spinal cord?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral/coccygeal
What are the enlargements of the spinal cord?
cervical and lumbosacral
Why are there enlargements in the spinal cord?
as these are the places where there are a larger number of nerves that supply the limbs
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there together
31 pairs
How many cervical pairs are there?
8 (C1-C8)
How many thoracic pairs are there?
12 (T1-T12)
How many lumbar pairs are there?
5 (L1-L5)
How many sacral pairs are there?
5 (s1-s5)
How many coccygeal are there?
1
How are spinal nerves named?
They are named the same as the vertebra above them apart from in the cervical region where they are named the ssame as the vertebra below
What would the spinal nerve exiting between C7 and T1 vertebra be named?
C8 spinal nerve
What would the spinal nerve exiting between L4 and L5 be named?
L4 spinal nerve
where does the spinal nerve exit?
the intervetebral foramen
