Pathology Flashcards
What kind of joint is mainly affected by arthirits?
Synovial joints
What produces synovial fluid?
Synovial membrane
Used for lubrication and nutrition
What T cells are very important in autoimmune arthritis?
CD4+ T helper cells - stimulate production of cytokines
What is pannus?
Granulation tissue found in joint space
What does a loss of cartilage due to being destroyed by inflam process lead to?
Loss of joint space
What is a rheumatoid nodule?
Necrotosing nodule found in pressure points/organs in subcutaneous tissue
Explain eburnation
What does it lead to?
When cartilage wears away and bone is exposed
“polished” appearance
Bone tries and fails to repair itself and forms abnormal sclerotic subchondral bone and overgrowths -> osteophytes
Explain what each of the following mean pathologically:
- Loss of joint space
- Oesteophytes
- Subchondral cysts
- Subchondral sclerosis
- Loss of joint space = loss of cartilage
- Oesteophytes = disordered bone repair
- Subchondral cysts = accumulation of synovial fluid
- Subchondral scleorsis = eburnation
What is ankylosis?
Fusing of joints - can occur in later RA
What skin condition can be associated with arthritis?
What joint is most
Psoriasis
Monostotic vs polystotic
One bone affected vs. multiple bones affected
usually used in context of fibrous dysplasia
For each of the following conditions describe the type of fluid that would collect in the knee joint: OA Septic arthritis ACL rupture Gout Acute meniscal tear Tibial plateau fracture
OA = synovial fluid Septic arthritis = pus ACL rupture = haemarthrosis (bleed) Gout = crystal enriched synovial fluid Acute meniscal tear = synovial fluid Fracture = lipohaemarthrosis (accumulation of blood and fat)
